Fix Extensions not being copied to ServerCapabilities during initialization (#1399)

Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: stephentoub <2642209+stephentoub@users.noreply.github.com>

src/ModelContextProtocol.Core/Server/McpServerImpl.cs

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ internal sealed partial class McpServerImpl : McpServer
         ConfigureTasks(options);
         ConfigureLogging(options);
         ConfigureCompletion(options);
-        ConfigureExperimental(options);
+        ConfigureExperimentalAndExtensions(options);
 
         // Register any notification handlers that were provided.
         if (options.Handlers.NotificationHandlers is { } notificationHandlers)
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ internal sealed partial class McpServerImpl : McpServer
     public override string? NegotiatedProtocolVersion => _negotiatedProtocolVersion;
 
     /// <inheritdoc/>
-    public ServerCapabilities ServerCapabilities { get; } = new();
+    public ServerCapabilities ServerCapabilities { get; }
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public override ClientCapabilities? ClientCapabilities => _clientCapabilities;
@@ -262,9 +262,10 @@ internal sealed partial class McpServerImpl : McpServer
             McpJsonUtilities.JsonContext.Default.CompleteResult);
     }
 
-    private void ConfigureExperimental(McpServerOptions options)
+    private void ConfigureExperimentalAndExtensions(McpServerOptions options)
     {
         ServerCapabilities.Experimental = options.Capabilities?.Experimental;
+        ServerCapabilities.Extensions = options.Capabilities?.Extensions;
     }
 
     private void ConfigureResources(McpServerOptions options)

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/Server/McpServerTests.cs

@@ -290,6 +290,95 @@ public class McpServerTests : LoggedTest
             });
     }
 
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Initialize_IncludesExtensionsInResponse()
+    {
+        await Can_Handle_Requests(
+            serverCapabilities: new ServerCapabilities
+            {
+                Extensions = new Dictionary<string, object> { ["io.myext"] = new JsonObject { ["required"] = true } },
+            },
+            method: RequestMethods.Initialize,
+            configureOptions: null,
+            assertResult: (_, response) =>
+            {
+                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<InitializeResult>(response, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
+                Assert.NotNull(result);
+                Assert.NotNull(result.Capabilities.Extensions);
+                Assert.True(result.Capabilities.Extensions.ContainsKey("io.myext"));
+            });
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Initialize_IncludesExperimentalInResponse()
+    {
+        await Can_Handle_Requests(
+            serverCapabilities: new ServerCapabilities
+            {
+                Experimental = new Dictionary<string, object> { ["customFeature"] = new JsonObject { ["enabled"] = true } },
+            },
+            method: RequestMethods.Initialize,
+            configureOptions: null,
+            assertResult: (_, response) =>
+            {
+                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<InitializeResult>(response, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
+                Assert.NotNull(result);
+                Assert.NotNull(result.Capabilities.Experimental);
+                Assert.True(result.Capabilities.Experimental.ContainsKey("customFeature"));
+            });
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Initialize_CopiesAllCapabilityProperties()
+    {
+        // Set every public property on ServerCapabilities to a non-null value.
+        // If a new property is added to ServerCapabilities in the future but the
+        // server fails to copy it, this reflection-based test will automatically
+        // detect the missing property and fail.
+        var inputCapabilities = new ServerCapabilities
+        {
+            Experimental = new Dictionary<string, object> { ["test"] = new JsonObject() },
+            Logging = new LoggingCapability(),
+            Prompts = new PromptsCapability(),
+            Resources = new ResourcesCapability(),
+            Tools = new ToolsCapability(),
+            Completions = new CompletionsCapability(),
+            Tasks = new McpTasksCapability(),
+            Extensions = new Dictionary<string, object> { ["io.test"] = new JsonObject() },
+        };
+
+        await Can_Handle_Requests(
+            serverCapabilities: inputCapabilities,
+            method: RequestMethods.Initialize,
+            configureOptions: options =>
+            {
+                // Tasks capability requires a TaskStore
+                options.TaskStore = new InMemoryMcpTaskStore();
+            },
+            assertResult: (_, response) =>
+            {
+                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<InitializeResult>(response, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
+                Assert.NotNull(result);
+
+                // Use reflection to verify every public property on ServerCapabilities is non-null.
+                // This catches cases where new capability properties are added but not copied
+                // from options in McpServerImpl.
+                foreach (var property in typeof(ServerCapabilities).GetProperties(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance))
+                {
+                    if (!property.CanRead)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    Assert.True(
+                        property.GetValue(result.Capabilities) is not null,
+                        $"ServerCapabilities.{property.Name} was set on options but is null in the initialize response. " +
+                        $"Ensure the property is copied in McpServerImpl's Configure* methods.");
+                }
+            });
+    }
+#pragma warning restore MCPEXP001
+
     [Fact]
     public async Task Can_Handle_Completion_Requests()
     {