Disable STJ reflection for testing. (#266)

* Disable STJ reflection for testing.

* Remove params method and redundant overload.

---------

Co-authored-by: Stephen Toub <stoub@microsoft.com>

src/ModelContextProtocol/Configuration/McpServerBuilderExtensions.cs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ using ModelContextProtocol.Server;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Utils;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Reflection;
+using System.Text.Json;
 
 namespace Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
 
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ public static partial class McpServerBuilderExtensions
     /// <summary>Adds <see cref="McpServerTool"/> instances to the service collection backing <paramref name="builder"/>.</summary>
     /// <typeparam name="TToolType">The tool type.</typeparam>
     /// <param name="builder">The builder instance.</param>
+    /// <param name="serializerOptions">The serializer options governing tool parameter marshalling.</param>
     /// <returns>The builder provided in <paramref name="builder"/>.</returns>
     /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="builder"/> is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
     /// <remarks>
@@ -35,7 +37,8 @@ public static partial class McpServerBuilderExtensions
         DynamicallyAccessedMemberTypes.PublicMethods |
         DynamicallyAccessedMemberTypes.NonPublicMethods |
         DynamicallyAccessedMemberTypes.PublicConstructors)] TToolType>(
-        this IMcpServerBuilder builder)
+        this IMcpServerBuilder builder,
+        JsonSerializerOptions? serializerOptions = null)
     {
         Throw.IfNull(builder);
 
@@ -44,8 +47,8 @@ public static partial class McpServerBuilderExtensions
             if (toolMethod.GetCustomAttribute<McpServerToolAttribute>() is not null)
             {
                 builder.Services.AddSingleton((Func<IServiceProvider, McpServerTool>)(toolMethod.IsStatic ?
-                    services => McpServerTool.Create(toolMethod, options: new() { Services = services }) :
+                    services => McpServerTool.Create(toolMethod, options: new() { Services = services, SerializerOptions = serializerOptions }) :
-                    services => McpServerTool.Create(toolMethod, typeof(TToolType), new() { Services = services })));
+                    services => McpServerTool.Create(toolMethod, typeof(TToolType), new() { Services = services, SerializerOptions = serializerOptions })));
             }
         }
 
@@ -55,6 +58,7 @@ public static partial class McpServerBuilderExtensions
     /// <summary>Adds <see cref="McpServerTool"/> instances to the service collection backing <paramref name="builder"/>.</summary>
     /// <param name="builder">The builder instance.</param>
     /// <param name="toolTypes">Types with marked methods to add as tools to the server.</param>
+    /// <param name="serializerOptions">The serializer options governing tool parameter marshalling.</param>
     /// <returns>The builder provided in <paramref name="builder"/>.</returns>
     /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="builder"/> is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
     /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="toolTypes"/> is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ public static partial class McpServerBuilderExtensions
     /// instance for each. For instance methods, an instance will be constructed for each invocation of the tool.
     /// </remarks>
     [RequiresUnreferencedCode(WithToolsRequiresUnreferencedCodeMessage)]
-    public static IMcpServerBuilder WithTools(this IMcpServerBuilder builder, params IEnumerable<Type> toolTypes)
+    public static IMcpServerBuilder WithTools(this IMcpServerBuilder builder, IEnumerable<Type> toolTypes, JsonSerializerOptions? serializerOptions = null)
     {
         Throw.IfNull(builder);
         Throw.IfNull(toolTypes);
@@ -78,8 +82,8 @@ public static partial class McpServerBuilderExtensions
                     if (toolMethod.GetCustomAttribute<McpServerToolAttribute>() is not null)
                     {
                         builder.Services.AddSingleton((Func<IServiceProvider, McpServerTool>)(toolMethod.IsStatic ?
-                            services => McpServerTool.Create(toolMethod, options: new() { Services = services }) :
+                            services => McpServerTool.Create(toolMethod, options: new() { Services = services , SerializerOptions = serializerOptions }) :
-                            services => McpServerTool.Create(toolMethod, toolType, new() { Services = services })));
+                            services => McpServerTool.Create(toolMethod, toolType, new() { Services = services , SerializerOptions = serializerOptions })));
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -92,6 +96,7 @@ public static partial class McpServerBuilderExtensions
     /// Adds types marked with the <see cref="McpServerToolTypeAttribute"/> attribute from the given assembly as tools to the server.
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="builder">The builder instance.</param>
+    /// <param name="serializerOptions">The serializer options governing tool parameter marshalling.</param>
     /// <param name="toolAssembly">The assembly to load the types from. If <see langword="null"/>, the calling assembly will be used.</param>
     /// <returns>The builder provided in <paramref name="builder"/>.</returns>
     /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="builder"/> is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
@@ -116,7 +121,7 @@ public static partial class McpServerBuilderExtensions
     /// </para>
     /// </remarks>
     [RequiresUnreferencedCode(WithToolsRequiresUnreferencedCodeMessage)]
-    public static IMcpServerBuilder WithToolsFromAssembly(this IMcpServerBuilder builder, Assembly? toolAssembly = null)
+    public static IMcpServerBuilder WithToolsFromAssembly(this IMcpServerBuilder builder, Assembly? toolAssembly = null, JsonSerializerOptions? serializerOptions = null)
     {
         Throw.IfNull(builder);
 
@@ -125,7 +130,8 @@ public static partial class McpServerBuilderExtensions
         return builder.WithTools(
             from t in toolAssembly.GetTypes()
             where t.GetCustomAttribute<McpServerToolTypeAttribute>() is not null
-            select t);
+            select t,
+            serializerOptions);
     }
     #endregion
 

src/ModelContextProtocol/Server/AIFunctionMcpServerTool.cs

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ internal sealed class AIFunctionMcpServerTool : McpServerTool
             Name = options?.Name ?? method.GetCustomAttribute<McpServerToolAttribute>()?.Name,
             Description = options?.Description,
             MarshalResult = static (result, _, cancellationToken) => new ValueTask<object?>(result),
+            SerializerOptions = options?.SerializerOptions ?? McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions,
             ConfigureParameterBinding = pi =>
             {
                 if (pi.ParameterType == typeof(RequestContext<CallToolRequestParams>))
@@ -314,7 +315,7 @@ internal sealed class AIFunctionMcpServerTool : McpServerTool
             {
                 Content = [new()
                 {
-                    Text = JsonSerializer.Serialize(result, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions.GetTypeInfo(typeof(object))),
+                    Text = JsonSerializer.Serialize(result, AIFunction.JsonSerializerOptions.GetTypeInfo(typeof(object))),
                     Type = "text"
                 }]
             },

src/ModelContextProtocol/Server/McpServerToolCreateOptions.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+using ModelContextProtocol.Utils.Json;
 using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Text.Json;
 
 namespace ModelContextProtocol.Server;
 
@@ -122,11 +124,19 @@ public sealed class McpServerToolCreateOptions
     /// </remarks>
     public bool? ReadOnly { get; set; }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the JSON serializer options to use when marshalling data to/from JSON.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// Defaults to <see cref="McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions"/> if left unspecified.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public JsonSerializerOptions? SerializerOptions { get; set; }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Creates a shallow clone of the current <see cref="McpServerToolCreateOptions"/> instance.
     /// </summary>
     internal McpServerToolCreateOptions Clone() =>
-        new McpServerToolCreateOptions()
+        new McpServerToolCreateOptions
         {
             Services = Services,
             Name = Name,
@@ -135,6 +145,7 @@ public sealed class McpServerToolCreateOptions
             Destructive = Destructive,
             Idempotent = Idempotent,
             OpenWorld = OpenWorld,
-            ReadOnly = ReadOnly
+            ReadOnly = ReadOnly,
+            SerializerOptions = SerializerOptions,
         };
 }

tests/ModelContextProtocol.AspNetCore.Tests/ModelContextProtocol.AspNetCore.Tests.csproj

@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@
     <RootNamespace>ModelContextProtocol.AspNetCore.Tests</RootNamespace>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' == 'net9.0'">
+    <!-- For better test coverage, only disable reflection in one of the targets -->
+    <JsonSerializerIsReflectionEnabledByDefault>false</JsonSerializerIsReflectionEnabledByDefault>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
   <PropertyGroup>
     <!-- Without this, tests are currently not showing results until all tests complete
          https://xunit.net/docs/getting-started/v3/microsoft-testing-platform

tests/ModelContextProtocol.AspNetCore.Tests/SseIntegrationTests.cs

@@ -10,11 +10,12 @@ using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Transport;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Server;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Tests.Utils;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Utils.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 using TestServerWithHosting.Tools;
 
 namespace ModelContextProtocol.Tests;
 
-public class SseIntegrationTests(ITestOutputHelper outputHelper) : KestrelInMemoryTest(outputHelper)
+public partial class SseIntegrationTests(ITestOutputHelper outputHelper) : KestrelInMemoryTest(outputHelper)
 {
     private SseClientTransportOptions DefaultTransportOptions = new()
     {
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ public class SseIntegrationTests(ITestOutputHelper outputHelper) : KestrelInMemo
         await using var mcpClient = await ConnectMcpClient(httpClient);
 
         // Send a test message through POST endpoint
-        await mcpClient.SendNotificationAsync("test/message", new { message = "Hello, SSE!" }, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
+        await mcpClient.SendNotificationAsync("test/message", new Envelope { Message = "Hello, SSE!" }, serializerOptions: JsonContext.Default.Options, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
 
         Assert.True(true);
     }
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ public class SseIntegrationTests(ITestOutputHelper outputHelper) : KestrelInMemo
         await using var mcpClient = await ConnectMcpClient(httpClient);
 
         // Send a test message through POST endpoint
-        await mcpClient.SendNotificationAsync("test/message", new { message = "Hello, SSE!" }, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
+        await mcpClient.SendNotificationAsync("test/message", new Envelope { Message = "Hello, SSE!" }, serializerOptions: JsonContext.Default.Options, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
 
         Assert.True(true);
     }
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ public class SseIntegrationTests(ITestOutputHelper outputHelper) : KestrelInMemo
             mcpServer.RegisterNotificationHandler("test/notification", async (notification, cancellationToken) =>
             {
                 Assert.Equal("Hello from client!", notification.Params?["message"]?.GetValue<string>());
-                await mcpServer.SendNotificationAsync("test/notification", new { message = "Hello from server!" }, cancellationToken: cancellationToken);
+                await mcpServer.SendNotificationAsync("test/notification", new Envelope { Message = "Hello from server!" }, serializerOptions: JsonContext.Default.Options, cancellationToken: cancellationToken);
             });
             return mcpServer.RunAsync(cancellationToken);
         });
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ public class SseIntegrationTests(ITestOutputHelper outputHelper) : KestrelInMemo
         });
 
         // Send a test message through POST endpoint
-        await mcpClient.SendNotificationAsync("test/notification", new { message = "Hello from client!" }, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
+        await mcpClient.SendNotificationAsync("test/notification", new Envelope { Message = "Hello from client!" }, serializerOptions: JsonContext.Default.Options, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
 
         var message = await receivedNotification.Task.WaitAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10), TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
         Assert.Equal("Hello from server!", message);
@@ -205,4 +206,13 @@ public class SseIntegrationTests(ITestOutputHelper outputHelper) : KestrelInMemo
             await context.Response.WriteAsync("Accepted");
         });
     }
+
+    public class Envelope
+    {
+        public required string Message { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    [JsonSourceGenerationOptions(PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonKnownNamingPolicy.CamelCase)]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(Envelope))]
+    partial class JsonContext : JsonSerializerContext;
 }

tests/ModelContextProtocol.TestSseServer/Program.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Connections;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Types;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Server;
+using ModelContextProtocol.Utils.Json;
 using Serilog;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Text.Json;
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ public class Program
                                         },
                                         "required": ["message"]
                                     }
-                                    """),
+                                    """, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions),
                             },
                             new Tool()
                             {
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ public class Program
                                         },
                                         "required": ["prompt", "maxTokens"]
                                     }
-                                    """),
+                                    """, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions),
                             }
                         ]
                     });

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/Client/McpClientExtensionsTests.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using ModelContextProtocol.Client;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Messages;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Types;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Server;
+using ModelContextProtocol.Utils.Json;
 using Moq;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata;
@@ -379,7 +380,7 @@ public class McpClientExtensionsTests : ClientServerTestBase
         await using (client.RegisterNotificationHandler(NotificationMethods.LoggingMessageNotification,
             (notification, cancellationToken) =>
             {
-                Assert.True(channel.Writer.TryWrite(JsonSerializer.Deserialize<LoggingMessageNotificationParams>(notification.Params)));
+                Assert.True(channel.Writer.TryWrite(JsonSerializer.Deserialize<LoggingMessageNotificationParams>(notification.Params, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions)));
                 return Task.CompletedTask;
             }))
         {
@@ -398,7 +399,7 @@ public class McpClientExtensionsTests : ClientServerTestBase
 
                 Assert.Equal("TestLogger", m.Logger);
 
-                string ? s = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<string>(m.Data.Value);
+                string ? s = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<string>(m.Data.Value, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
                 Assert.NotNull(s);
 
                 if (s.Contains("Information"))

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/Client/McpClientFactoryTests.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using ModelContextProtocol.Client;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Messages;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Transport;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Types;
+using ModelContextProtocol.Utils.Json;
 using Moq;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Threading.Channels;
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ public class McpClientFactoryTests
                                 Name = "NopTransport",
                                 Version = "1.0.0"
                             },
-                        }),
+                        }, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions),
                     });
                     break;
             }

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/ClientIntegrationTests.cs

@@ -4,12 +4,14 @@ using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Messages;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Transport;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Types;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Tests.Utils;
+using ModelContextProtocol.Utils.Json;
 using OpenAI;
 using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 
 namespace ModelContextProtocol.Tests;
 
-public class ClientIntegrationTests : LoggedTest, IClassFixture<ClientIntegrationTestFixture>
+public partial class ClientIntegrationTests : LoggedTest, IClassFixture<ClientIntegrationTestFixture>
 {
     private static readonly string? s_openAIKey = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AI:OpenAI:ApiKey");
 
@@ -261,7 +263,7 @@ public class ClientIntegrationTests : LoggedTest, IClassFixture<ClientIntegratio
                 [
                     new(NotificationMethods.ResourceUpdatedNotification, (notification, cancellationToken) =>
                     {
-                        var notificationParams = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ResourceUpdatedNotificationParams>(notification.Params);
+                        var notificationParams = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ResourceUpdatedNotificationParams>(notification.Params, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
                         tcs.TrySetResult(true);
                         return Task.CompletedTask;
                     })
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@ public class ClientIntegrationTests : LoggedTest, IClassFixture<ClientIntegratio
                 [
                     new(NotificationMethods.ResourceUpdatedNotification, (notification, cancellationToken) =>
                     {
-                        var notificationParams = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ResourceUpdatedNotificationParams>(notification.Params);
+                        var notificationParams = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ResourceUpdatedNotificationParams>(notification.Params, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
                         receivedNotification.TrySetResult(true);
                         return Task.CompletedTask;
                     })
@@ -442,13 +444,18 @@ public class ClientIntegrationTests : LoggedTest, IClassFixture<ClientIntegratio
 
         // Verify we can send notifications without errors
         await client.SendNotificationAsync(NotificationMethods.RootsUpdatedNotification, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
-        await client.SendNotificationAsync("test/notification", new { test = true }, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
+        await client.SendNotificationAsync("test/notification", new TestNotification { Test = true }, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken, serializerOptions: JsonContext3.Default.Options);
 
         // assert
         // no response to check, if no exception is thrown, it's a success
         Assert.True(true);
     }
 
+    class TestNotification
+    {
+        public required bool Test { get; set; }
+    }
+
     [Fact]
     public async Task CallTool_Stdio_MemoryServer()
     {
@@ -557,7 +564,7 @@ public class ClientIntegrationTests : LoggedTest, IClassFixture<ClientIntegratio
                 [
                     new(NotificationMethods.LoggingMessageNotification, (notification, cancellationToken) =>
                     {
-                        var loggingMessageNotificationParameters = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<LoggingMessageNotificationParams>(notification.Params);
+                        var loggingMessageNotificationParameters = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<LoggingMessageNotificationParams>(notification.Params, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
                         if (loggingMessageNotificationParameters is not null)
                         {
                             receivedNotification.TrySetResult(true);
@@ -574,4 +581,7 @@ public class ClientIntegrationTests : LoggedTest, IClassFixture<ClientIntegratio
         // assert
         await receivedNotification.Task;
     }
+
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(TestNotification))]
+    partial class JsonContext3 : JsonSerializerContext;
 }

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/Configuration/McpServerBuilderExtensionsToolsTests.cs

@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@ using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Messages;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Transport;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Types;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Server;
+using ModelContextProtocol.Utils.Json;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.ComponentModel;
 using System.IO.Pipelines;
 using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
 using System.Threading.Channels;
 
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ using System.Threading.Channels;
 
 namespace ModelContextProtocol.Tests.Configuration;
 
-public class McpServerBuilderExtensionsToolsTests : ClientServerTestBase
+public partial class McpServerBuilderExtensionsToolsTests : ClientServerTestBase
 {
     public McpServerBuilderExtensionsToolsTests(ITestOutputHelper testOutputHelper)
         : base(testOutputHelper)
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ public class McpServerBuilderExtensionsToolsTests : ClientServerTestBase
                                           "properties": {},
                                           "required": []
                                         }
-                                        """),
+                                        """, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions),
                                 }],
                         };
 
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ public class McpServerBuilderExtensionsToolsTests : ClientServerTestBase
                                           "properties": {},
                                           "required": []
                                         }
-                                        """),
+                                        """, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions),
                                 }],
                         };
 
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ public class McpServerBuilderExtensionsToolsTests : ClientServerTestBase
                                           "properties": {},
                                           "required": []
                                         }
-                                        """),
+                                        """, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions),
                                 }],
                         };
 
@@ -107,7 +109,7 @@ public class McpServerBuilderExtensionsToolsTests : ClientServerTestBase
                         throw new Exception($"Unknown tool '{request.Params?.Name}'");
                 }
             })
-            .WithTools<EchoTool>();
+            .WithTools<EchoTool>(serializerOptions: JsonContext.Default.Options);
 
         services.AddSingleton(new ObjectWithId());
     }
@@ -430,7 +432,7 @@ public class McpServerBuilderExtensionsToolsTests : ClientServerTestBase
     public void Register_Tools_From_Current_Assembly()
     {
         ServiceCollection sc = new();
-        sc.AddMcpServer().WithToolsFromAssembly();
+        sc.AddMcpServer().WithToolsFromAssembly(serializerOptions: JsonContext.Default.Options);
         IServiceProvider services = sc.BuildServiceProvider();
 
         Assert.Contains(services.GetServices<McpServerTool>(), t => t.ProtocolTool.Name == "Echo");
@@ -446,17 +448,17 @@ public class McpServerBuilderExtensionsToolsTests : ClientServerTestBase
         {
             sc.AddSingleton(new ComplexObject());
         }
-        sc.AddMcpServer().WithTools(typeof(EchoTool));
+        sc.AddMcpServer().WithTools([typeof(EchoTool)], JsonContext.Default.Options);
         IServiceProvider services = sc.BuildServiceProvider();
 
         McpServerTool tool = services.GetServices<McpServerTool>().First(t => t.ProtocolTool.Name == "EchoComplex");
         if (parameterInServices)
         {
-            Assert.DoesNotContain("\"complex\"", JsonSerializer.Serialize(tool.ProtocolTool.InputSchema));
+            Assert.DoesNotContain("\"complex\"", JsonSerializer.Serialize(tool.ProtocolTool.InputSchema, AIJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions));
         }
         else
         {
-            Assert.Contains("\"complex\"", JsonSerializer.Serialize(tool.ProtocolTool.InputSchema));
+            Assert.Contains("\"complex\"", JsonSerializer.Serialize(tool.ProtocolTool.InputSchema, AIJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions));
         }
     }
 
@@ -483,17 +485,17 @@ public class McpServerBuilderExtensionsToolsTests : ClientServerTestBase
                 break;
         }
 
-        sc.AddMcpServer().WithToolsFromAssembly();
+        sc.AddMcpServer().WithToolsFromAssembly(serializerOptions: JsonContext.Default.Options);
         IServiceProvider services = sc.BuildServiceProvider();
 
         McpServerTool tool = services.GetServices<McpServerTool>().First(t => t.ProtocolTool.Name == "EchoComplex");
         if (lifetime is not null)
         {
-            Assert.DoesNotContain("\"complex\"", JsonSerializer.Serialize(tool.ProtocolTool.InputSchema));
+            Assert.DoesNotContain("\"complex\"", JsonSerializer.Serialize(tool.ProtocolTool.InputSchema, AIJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions));
         }
         else
         {
-            Assert.Contains("\"complex\"", JsonSerializer.Serialize(tool.ProtocolTool.InputSchema));
+            Assert.Contains("\"complex\"", JsonSerializer.Serialize(tool.ProtocolTool.InputSchema, AIJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions));
         }
     }
 
@@ -526,9 +528,9 @@ public class McpServerBuilderExtensionsToolsTests : ClientServerTestBase
     {
         ServiceCollection sc = new();
         sc.AddMcpServer()
-            .WithTools<EchoTool>()
+            .WithTools<EchoTool>(serializerOptions: JsonContext.Default.Options)
-            .WithTools<AnotherToolType>()
+            .WithTools<AnotherToolType>(serializerOptions: JsonContext.Default.Options)
-            .WithTools(typeof(ToolTypeWithNoAttribute));
+            .WithTools([typeof(ToolTypeWithNoAttribute)], JsonContext.Default.Options);
         IServiceProvider services = sc.BuildServiceProvider();
 
         Assert.Contains(services.GetServices<McpServerTool>(), t => t.ProtocolTool.Name == "double_echo");
@@ -584,7 +586,7 @@ public class McpServerBuilderExtensionsToolsTests : ClientServerTestBase
         ConcurrentQueue<ProgressNotification> notifications = new();
         await using (client.RegisterNotificationHandler(NotificationMethods.ProgressNotification, (notification, cancellationToken) =>
         {
-            ProgressNotification pn = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ProgressNotification>(notification.Params)!;
+            ProgressNotification pn = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ProgressNotification>(notification.Params, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions)!;
             notifications.Enqueue(pn);
             return Task.CompletedTask;
         }))
@@ -598,7 +600,7 @@ public class McpServerBuilderExtensionsToolsTests : ClientServerTestBase
                 },
                 cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
 
-            Assert.Contains("done", JsonSerializer.Serialize(result));
+            Assert.Contains("done", JsonSerializer.Serialize(result, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions));
             SpinWait.SpinUntil(() => notifications.Count == 10, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
         }
 
@@ -765,4 +767,16 @@ public class McpServerBuilderExtensionsToolsTests : ClientServerTestBase
     {
         public string Id { get; set; } = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
     }
+
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(bool))]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(int))]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(long))]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(double))]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(string))]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(DateTime))]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(DateTimeOffset))]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(ComplexObject))]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(string[]))]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(JsonElement))]
+    partial class JsonContext : JsonSerializerContext;
 }

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/McpJsonUtilitiesTests.cs

@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ public static class McpJsonUtilitiesTests
     public static void DefaultOptions_UseReflectionWhenEnabled()
     {
         var options = McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions;
-        bool isReflectionEnabled = JsonSerializer.IsReflectionEnabledByDefault;
         Type anonType = new { Id = 42 }.GetType();
 
-        Assert.True(isReflectionEnabled); // To be disabled once https://github.com/dotnet/extensions/pull/6241 is incorporated
+        Assert.Equal(JsonSerializer.IsReflectionEnabledByDefault, options.TryGetTypeInfo(anonType, out _));
-        Assert.Equal(isReflectionEnabled, options.TryGetTypeInfo(anonType, out _));
     }
 }

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests.csproj

@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
     <RootNamespace>ModelContextProtocol.Tests</RootNamespace>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' == 'net9.0'">
+    <!-- For better test coverage, only disable reflection in one of the targets -->
+    <JsonSerializerIsReflectionEnabledByDefault>false</JsonSerializerIsReflectionEnabledByDefault>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
   <PropertyGroup>
     <!-- Without this, tests are currently not showing results until all tests complete
          https://xunit.net/docs/getting-started/v3/microsoft-testing-platform

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/Protocol/ProtocolTypeTests.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Types;
+using ModelContextProtocol.Utils.Json;
 using System.Text.Json;
 
 namespace ModelContextProtocol.Tests.Protocol;
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ public static class ProtocolTypeTests
     [InlineData(Role.Assistant, "\"assistant\"")]
     public static void SerializeRole_ShouldBeCamelCased(Role role, string expectedValue)
     {
-        var actualValue = JsonSerializer.Serialize(role);
+        var actualValue = JsonSerializer.Serialize(role, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
 
         Assert.Equal(expectedValue, actualValue);
     }
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ public static class ProtocolTypeTests
     [InlineData(LoggingLevel.Emergency, "\"emergency\"")]
     public static void SerializeLoggingLevel_ShouldBeCamelCased(LoggingLevel level, string expectedValue)
     {
-        var actualValue = JsonSerializer.Serialize(level);
+        var actualValue = JsonSerializer.Serialize(level, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
 
         Assert.Equal(expectedValue, actualValue);
     }
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ public static class ProtocolTypeTests
     [InlineData(ContextInclusion.AllServers, "\"allServers\"")]
     public static void ContextInclusion_ShouldBeCamelCased(ContextInclusion level, string expectedValue)
     {
-        var actualValue = JsonSerializer.Serialize(level);
+        var actualValue = JsonSerializer.Serialize(level, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
 
         Assert.Equal(expectedValue, actualValue);
     }

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/Protocol/RequestIdTests.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Messages;
+using ModelContextProtocol.Utils.Json;
 using System.Text.Json;
 
 namespace ModelContextProtocol.Tests.Protocol;
@@ -10,14 +11,14 @@ public class RequestIdTests
     {
         RequestId id = new("test-id");
         Assert.Equal("test-id", id.ToString());
-        Assert.Equal("\"test-id\"", JsonSerializer.Serialize(id));
+        Assert.Equal("\"test-id\"", JsonSerializer.Serialize(id, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions));
         Assert.Same("test-id", id.Id);
 
         Assert.True(id.Equals(new("test-id")));
         Assert.False(id.Equals(new("tEst-id")));
         Assert.Equal("test-id".GetHashCode(), id.GetHashCode());
 
-        Assert.Equal(id, JsonSerializer.Deserialize<RequestId>(JsonSerializer.Serialize(id)));
+        Assert.Equal(id, JsonSerializer.Deserialize<RequestId>(JsonSerializer.Serialize(id, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions), McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions));
     }
 
     [Fact]
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ public class RequestIdTests
     {
         RequestId id = new(42);
         Assert.Equal("42", id.ToString());
-        Assert.Equal("42", JsonSerializer.Serialize(id));
+        Assert.Equal("42", JsonSerializer.Serialize(id, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions));
         Assert.Equal(42, Assert.IsType<long>(id.Id));
 
         Assert.True(id.Equals(new(42)));
@@ -33,6 +34,6 @@ public class RequestIdTests
         Assert.False(id.Equals(new("42")));
         Assert.Equal(42L.GetHashCode(), id.GetHashCode());
 
-        Assert.Equal(id, JsonSerializer.Deserialize<RequestId>(JsonSerializer.Serialize(id)));
+        Assert.Equal(id, JsonSerializer.Deserialize<RequestId>(JsonSerializer.Serialize(id, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions), McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions));
     }
 }

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/Server/McpServerTests.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Messages;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Types;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Server;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Tests.Utils;
+using ModelContextProtocol.Utils.Json;
 using System.Reflection;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ public class McpServerTests : LoggedTest
             configureOptions: null,
             assertResult: response =>
             {
-                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<InitializeResult>(response);
+                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<InitializeResult>(response, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
                 Assert.NotNull(result);
                 Assert.Equal("ModelContextProtocol.Tests", result.ServerInfo.Name);
                 Assert.Equal("1.0.0.0", result.ServerInfo.Version);
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ public class McpServerTests : LoggedTest
             configureOptions: null,
             assertResult: response =>
             {
-                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<CompleteResult>(response);
+                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<CompleteResult>(response, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
                 Assert.NotNull(result?.Completion);
                 Assert.Equal(["test"], result.Completion.Values);
                 Assert.Equal(2, result.Completion.Total);
@@ -254,7 +255,7 @@ public class McpServerTests : LoggedTest
             configureOptions: null,
             assertResult: response =>
             {
-                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ListResourceTemplatesResult>(response);
+                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ListResourceTemplatesResult>(response, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
                 Assert.NotNull(result?.ResourceTemplates);
                 Assert.NotEmpty(result.ResourceTemplates);
                 Assert.Equal("test", result.ResourceTemplates[0].UriTemplate);
@@ -283,7 +284,7 @@ public class McpServerTests : LoggedTest
             configureOptions: null,
             assertResult: response =>
             {
-                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ListResourcesResult>(response);
+                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ListResourcesResult>(response, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
                 Assert.NotNull(result?.Resources);
                 Assert.NotEmpty(result.Resources);
                 Assert.Equal("test", result.Resources[0].Uri);
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ public class McpServerTests : LoggedTest
             configureOptions: null,
             assertResult: response =>
             {
-                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ReadResourceResult>(response);
+                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ReadResourceResult>(response, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
                 Assert.NotNull(result?.Contents);
                 Assert.NotEmpty(result.Contents);
 
@@ -355,7 +356,7 @@ public class McpServerTests : LoggedTest
             configureOptions: null,
             assertResult: response =>
             {
-                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ListPromptsResult>(response);
+                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ListPromptsResult>(response, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
                 Assert.NotNull(result?.Prompts);
                 Assert.NotEmpty(result.Prompts);
                 Assert.Equal("test", result.Prompts[0].Name);
@@ -384,7 +385,7 @@ public class McpServerTests : LoggedTest
             configureOptions: null,
             assertResult: response =>
             {
-                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<GetPromptResult>(response);
+                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<GetPromptResult>(response, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
                 Assert.NotNull(result);
                 Assert.Equal("test", result.Description);
             });
@@ -418,7 +419,7 @@ public class McpServerTests : LoggedTest
             configureOptions: null,
             assertResult: response =>
             {
-                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ListToolsResult>(response);
+                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ListToolsResult>(response, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
                 Assert.NotNull(result);
                 Assert.NotEmpty(result.Tools);
                 Assert.Equal("test", result.Tools[0].Name);
@@ -453,7 +454,7 @@ public class McpServerTests : LoggedTest
             configureOptions: null,
             assertResult: response =>
             {
-                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<CallToolResponse>(response);
+                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<CallToolResponse>(response, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
                 Assert.NotNull(result);
                 Assert.NotEmpty(result.Content);
                 Assert.Equal("test", result.Content[0].Text);
@@ -581,7 +582,7 @@ public class McpServerTests : LoggedTest
 
         public Task<JsonRpcResponse> SendRequestAsync(JsonRpcRequest request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
-            CreateMessageRequestParams? rp = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<CreateMessageRequestParams>(request.Params);
+            CreateMessageRequestParams? rp = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<CreateMessageRequestParams>(request.Params, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
 
             Assert.NotNull(rp);
             Assert.Equal(0.75f, rp.Temperature);
@@ -608,7 +609,7 @@ public class McpServerTests : LoggedTest
             return Task.FromResult(new JsonRpcResponse
             { 
                 Id = new RequestId("0"),
-                Result = JsonSerializer.SerializeToNode(result),
+                Result = JsonSerializer.SerializeToNode(result, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions),
             });
         }
 
@@ -658,11 +659,11 @@ public class McpServerTests : LoggedTest
                     Total = 100,
                     Message = "Progress message",
                 },
-            }),
+            }, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions),
         }, TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
 
         var notification = await notificationReceived.Task;
-        var progress = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ProgressNotification>(notification.Params);
+        var progress = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ProgressNotification>(notification.Params, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
         Assert.NotNull(progress);
         Assert.Equal("abc", progress.ProgressToken.ToString());
         Assert.Equal(50, progress.Progress.Progress);

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/Server/McpServerToolTests.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Types;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Server;
+using ModelContextProtocol.Utils.Json;
 using Moq;
 using System.Reflection;
 using System.Text.Json;
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 
 namespace ModelContextProtocol.Tests.Server;
 
-public class McpServerToolTests
+public partial class McpServerToolTests
 {
     [Fact]
     public void Create_InvalidArgs_Throws()
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ public class McpServerToolTests
             return "42";
         });
 
-        Assert.DoesNotContain("server", JsonSerializer.Serialize(tool.ProtocolTool.InputSchema));
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("server", JsonSerializer.Serialize(tool.ProtocolTool.InputSchema, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions));
 
         var result = await tool.InvokeAsync(
             new RequestContext<CallToolRequestParams>(mockServer.Object, null),
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ public class McpServerToolTests
 
         McpServerTool tool = services.GetRequiredService<McpServerTool>();
 
-        Assert.DoesNotContain("actualMyService", JsonSerializer.Serialize(tool.ProtocolTool.InputSchema));
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("actualMyService", JsonSerializer.Serialize(tool.ProtocolTool.InputSchema, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions));
 
         Mock<IMcpServer> mockServer = new();
 
@@ -127,9 +128,11 @@ public class McpServerToolTests
     [Fact]
     public async Task SupportsDisposingInstantiatedDisposableTargets()
     {
+        McpServerToolCreateOptions options = new() { SerializerOptions = JsonContext2.Default.Options };
         McpServerTool tool1 = McpServerTool.Create(
             typeof(DisposableToolType).GetMethod(nameof(DisposableToolType.InstanceMethod))!,
-            typeof(DisposableToolType));
+            typeof(DisposableToolType),
+            options);
 
         var result = await tool1.InvokeAsync(
             new RequestContext<CallToolRequestParams>(null!, null),
@@ -140,9 +143,11 @@ public class McpServerToolTests
     [Fact]
     public async Task SupportsAsyncDisposingInstantiatedAsyncDisposableTargets()
     {
+        McpServerToolCreateOptions options = new() { SerializerOptions = JsonContext2.Default.Options };
         McpServerTool tool1 = McpServerTool.Create(
             typeof(AsyncDisposableToolType).GetMethod(nameof(AsyncDisposableToolType.InstanceMethod))!,
-            typeof(AsyncDisposableToolType));
+            typeof(AsyncDisposableToolType),
+            options);
 
         var result = await tool1.InvokeAsync(
             new RequestContext<CallToolRequestParams>(null!, null),
@@ -153,9 +158,11 @@ public class McpServerToolTests
     [Fact]
     public async Task SupportsAsyncDisposingInstantiatedAsyncDisposableAndDisposableTargets()
     {
+        McpServerToolCreateOptions options = new() { SerializerOptions = JsonContext2.Default.Options };
         McpServerTool tool1 = McpServerTool.Create(
             typeof(AsyncDisposableAndDisposableToolType).GetMethod(nameof(AsyncDisposableAndDisposableToolType.InstanceMethod))!,
-            typeof(AsyncDisposableAndDisposableToolType));
+            typeof(AsyncDisposableAndDisposableToolType),
+            options);
 
         var result = await tool1.InvokeAsync(
             new RequestContext<CallToolRequestParams>(null!, null),
@@ -432,4 +439,10 @@ public class McpServerToolTests
             return this;
         }
     }
+
+    [JsonSourceGenerationOptions(PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonKnownNamingPolicy.CamelCase)]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(DisposableToolType))]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(AsyncDisposableToolType))]
+    [JsonSerializable(typeof(AsyncDisposableAndDisposableToolType))]
+    partial class JsonContext2 : JsonSerializerContext;
 }

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/Transport/StdioServerTransportTests.cs

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ public class StdioServerTransportTests : LoggedTest
         var chineseResult = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(output.ToArray()).Trim();
         var expectedChinese = JsonSerializer.Serialize(chineseMessage, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions);
         Assert.Equal(expectedChinese, chineseResult);
-        Assert.Contains(JsonSerializer.Serialize(chineseText), chineseResult);
+        Assert.Contains(JsonSerializer.Serialize(chineseText, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions), chineseResult);
 
         // Test 2: Emoji (non-BMP Unicode using surrogate pairs)
         var emojiText = "🔍 🚀 👍"; // Magnifying glass, rocket, thumbs up

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/Utils/TestServerTransport.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Messages;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Transport;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol.Types;
+using ModelContextProtocol.Utils.Json;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Threading.Channels;
 
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ public class TestServerTransport : ITransport
             Result = JsonSerializer.SerializeToNode(new ListRootsResult
             {
                 Roots = []
-            }),
+            }, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions),
         }, cancellationToken);
     }
 
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ public class TestServerTransport : ITransport
         await WriteMessageAsync(new JsonRpcResponse
         {
             Id = request.Id,
-            Result = JsonSerializer.SerializeToNode(new CreateMessageResult { Content = new(), Model = "model", Role = Role.User }),
+            Result = JsonSerializer.SerializeToNode(new CreateMessageResult { Content = new(), Model = "model", Role = Role.User }, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions),
         }, cancellationToken);
     }