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22 KiB
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872 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
Text
---
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title: "Building MCP clients"
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description: "Learn how to build your first client in MCP"
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---
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In this tutorial, you'll learn how to build a client application that connects to MCP servers. It helps to have gone through the [Quickstart tutorial](/quickstart) that guides you through the basic of building your first server.
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<Tabs>
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<Tab title="Python">
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## System Requirements
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Before starting, ensure your system meets these requirements:
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- Mac or Windows computer
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- Latest Python version installed
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- Latest version of `uv` installed
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## Setting Up Your Environment
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First, create a new Python project with `uv`:
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```bash
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# Create project directory
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uv init mcp-client
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cd mcp-client
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# Create virtual environment
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uv venv
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# Activate virtual environment
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# On Windows:
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.venv\Scripts\activate
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# On Unix or MacOS:
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source .venv/bin/activate
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# Install required packages
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uv add mcp anthropic python-dotenv
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# Remove boilerplate files
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rm hello.py
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# Create our main file
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touch client.py
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```
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## Setting Up Your API Key
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You'll need an Anthropic API key from the [Anthropic Console](https://console.anthropic.com/settings/keys).
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Create a `.env` file to store it:
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```bash
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# Create .env file
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touch .env
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```
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Add your key to the `.env` file:
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```bash
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ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=<your key here>
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```
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Add `.env` to your `.gitignore`:
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```bash
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echo ".env" >> .gitignore
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```
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<Warning>
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Make sure you keep your `ANTHROPIC_API_KEY` secure!
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</Warning>
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## Creating the Client
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### Basic Client Structure
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First, let's set up our imports and create the basic client class:
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```python
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import asyncio
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from typing import Optional
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from contextlib import AsyncExitStack
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from mcp import ClientSession, StdioServerParameters
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from mcp.client.stdio import stdio_client
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from anthropic import Anthropic
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from dotenv import load_dotenv
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load_dotenv() # load environment variables from .env
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class MCPClient:
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def __init__(self):
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# Initialize session and client objects
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self.session: Optional[ClientSession] = None
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self.exit_stack = AsyncExitStack()
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self.anthropic = Anthropic()
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# methods will go here
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```
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### Server Connection Management
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Next, we'll implement the method to connect to an MCP server:
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```python
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async def connect_to_server(self, server_script_path: str):
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"""Connect to an MCP server
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Args:
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server_script_path: Path to the server script (.py or .js)
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"""
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is_python = server_script_path.endswith('.py')
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is_js = server_script_path.endswith('.js')
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if not (is_python or is_js):
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raise ValueError("Server script must be a .py or .js file")
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command = "python" if is_python else "node"
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server_params = StdioServerParameters(
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command=command,
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args=[server_script_path],
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env=None
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)
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stdio_transport = await self.exit_stack.enter_async_context(stdio_client(server_params))
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self.stdio, self.write = stdio_transport
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self.session = await self.exit_stack.enter_async_context(ClientSession(self.stdio, self.write))
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await self.session.initialize()
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# List available tools
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response = await self.session.list_tools()
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tools = response.tools
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print("\nConnected to server with tools:", [tool.name for tool in tools])
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```
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### Query Processing Logic
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Now let's add the core functionality for processing queries and handling tool calls:
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```python
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async def process_query(self, query: str) -> str:
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"""Process a query using Claude and available tools"""
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messages = [
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{
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"role": "user",
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"content": query
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}
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]
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response = await self.session.list_tools()
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available_tools = [{
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"name": tool.name,
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"description": tool.description,
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"input_schema": tool.inputSchema
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} for tool in response.tools]
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# Initial Claude API call
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response = self.anthropic.messages.create(
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model="claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022",
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max_tokens=1000,
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messages=messages,
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tools=available_tools
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)
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# Process response and handle tool calls
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tool_results = []
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final_text = []
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for content in response.content:
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if content.type == 'text':
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final_text.append(content.text)
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elif content.type == 'tool_use':
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tool_name = content.name
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tool_args = content.input
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# Execute tool call
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result = await self.session.call_tool(tool_name, tool_args)
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tool_results.append({"call": tool_name, "result": result})
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final_text.append(f"[Calling tool {tool_name} with args {tool_args}]")
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# Continue conversation with tool results
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if hasattr(content, 'text') and content.text:
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messages.append({
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"role": "assistant",
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"content": content.text
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})
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messages.append({
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"role": "user",
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"content": result.content
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})
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# Get next response from Claude
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response = self.anthropic.messages.create(
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model="claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022",
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max_tokens=1000,
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messages=messages,
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)
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final_text.append(response.content[0].text)
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return "\n".join(final_text)
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```
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### Interactive Chat Interface
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Now we'll add the chat loop and cleanup functionality:
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```python
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async def chat_loop(self):
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"""Run an interactive chat loop"""
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print("\nMCP Client Started!")
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print("Type your queries or 'quit' to exit.")
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while True:
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try:
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query = input("\nQuery: ").strip()
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if query.lower() == 'quit':
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break
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response = await self.process_query(query)
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print("\n" + response)
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"\nError: {str(e)}")
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async def cleanup(self):
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"""Clean up resources"""
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await self.exit_stack.aclose()
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```
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### Main Entry Point
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Finally, we'll add the main execution logic:
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```python
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async def main():
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if len(sys.argv) < 2:
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print("Usage: python client.py <path_to_server_script>")
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sys.exit(1)
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client = MCPClient()
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try:
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await client.connect_to_server(sys.argv[1])
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await client.chat_loop()
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finally:
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await client.cleanup()
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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import sys
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asyncio.run(main())
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```
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You can find the complete `client.py` file [here.](https://gist.github.com/zckly/f3f28ea731e096e53b39b47bf0a2d4b1)
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## Key Components Explained
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### 1. Client Initialization
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- The `MCPClient` class initializes with session management and API clients
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- Uses `AsyncExitStack` for proper resource management
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- Configures the Anthropic client for Claude interactions
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### 2. Server Connection
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- Supports both Python and Node.js servers
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- Validates server script type
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- Sets up proper communication channels
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- Initializes the session and lists available tools
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### 3. Query Processing
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- Maintains conversation context
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- Handles Claude's responses and tool calls
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- Manages the message flow between Claude and tools
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- Combines results into a coherent response
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### 4. Interactive Interface
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- Provides a simple command-line interface
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- Handles user input and displays responses
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- Includes basic error handling
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- Allows graceful exit
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### 5. Resource Management
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- Proper cleanup of resources
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- Error handling for connection issues
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- Graceful shutdown procedures
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## Common Customization Points
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1. **Tool Handling**
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- Modify `process_query()` to handle specific tool types
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- Add custom error handling for tool calls
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- Implement tool-specific response formatting
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2. **Response Processing**
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- Customize how tool results are formatted
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- Add response filtering or transformation
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- Implement custom logging
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3. **User Interface**
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- Add a GUI or web interface
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- Implement rich console output
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- Add command history or auto-completion
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## Running the Client
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To run your client with any MCP server:
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```bash
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uv run client.py path/to/server.py # python server
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uv run client.py path/to/build/index.js # node server
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```
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The client will:
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1. Connect to the specified server
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2. List available tools
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3. Start an interactive chat session where you can:
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- Enter queries
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- See tool executions
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- Get responses from Claude
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Here's an example of what it should look like if connected to the weather server from the quickstart:
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<Frame>
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<img src="/images/client-claude-cli-python.png" />
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</Frame>
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## How It Works
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When you submit a query:
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1. The client gets the list of available tools from the server
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2. Your query is sent to Claude along with tool descriptions
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3. Claude decides which tools (if any) to use
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4. The client executes any requested tool calls through the server
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5. Results are sent back to Claude
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6. Claude provides a natural language response
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7. The response is displayed to you
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## Best practices
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1. **Error Handling**
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- Always wrap tool calls in try-catch blocks
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- Provide meaningful error messages
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- Gracefully handle connection issues
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2. **Resource Management**
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- Use `AsyncExitStack` for proper cleanup
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- Close connections when done
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- Handle server disconnections
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3. **Security**
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- Store API keys securely in `.env`
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- Validate server responses
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- Be cautious with tool permissions
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## Troubleshooting
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### Server Path Issues
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- Double-check the path to your server script is correct
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- Use the absolute path if the relative path isn't working
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- For Windows users, make sure to use forward slashes (/) or escaped backslashes (\\) in the path
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- Verify the server file has the correct extension (.py for Python or .js for Node.js)
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Example of correct path usage:
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```bash
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# Relative path
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uv run client.py ./server/weather.py
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# Absolute path
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uv run client.py /Users/username/projects/mcp-server/weather.py
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# Windows path (either format works)
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uv run client.py C:/projects/mcp-server/weather.py
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uv run client.py C:\\projects\\mcp-server\\weather.py
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```
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### Response Timing
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- The first response might take up to 30 seconds to return
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- This is normal and happens while:
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- The server initializes
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- Claude processes the query
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- Tools are being executed
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- Subsequent responses are typically faster
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- Don't interrupt the process during this initial waiting period
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### Common Error Messages
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If you see:
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- `FileNotFoundError`: Check your server path
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- `Connection refused`: Ensure the server is running and the path is correct
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- `Tool execution failed`: Verify the tool's required environment variables are set
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- `Timeout error`: Consider increasing the timeout in your client configuration
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</Tab>
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<Tab title="Node">
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## System Requirements
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Before starting, ensure your system meets these requirements:
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- Mac or Windows computer
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- Node.js version 16 or higher installed
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- npm (comes with Node.js)
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## Setting Up Your Environment
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First, create a new Node.js project:
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```bash
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# Create project directory
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mkdir mcp-client
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cd mcp-client
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# Initialize npm project
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npm init -y
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# Install dependencies
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npm install @modelcontextprotocol/sdk @anthropic-ai/sdk dotenv
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npm install -D typescript @types/node
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# Create TypeScript config
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npx tsc --init
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# Create necessary files
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mkdir src
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touch src/client.ts
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touch .env
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```
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Update your `package.json` to add necessary configuration:
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```json
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{
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"type": "module",
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"scripts": {
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"build": "tsc",
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"start": "node build/client.js"
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}
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}
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```
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Update your `tsconfig.json` with appropriate settings:
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```json
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{
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"compilerOptions": {
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"target": "ES2022",
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"module": "Node16",
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"moduleResolution": "Node16",
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"outDir": "./build",
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"rootDir": "./src",
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"strict": true,
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"esModuleInterop": true,
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"skipLibCheck": true,
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"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true
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},
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"include": ["src/**/*"]
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}
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```
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## Setting Up Your API Key
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You'll need an Anthropic API key from the [Anthropic Console](https://console.anthropic.com/settings/keys).
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Create a `.env` file:
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```bash
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ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=your_key_here
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```
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Add `.env` to your `.gitignore`:
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```bash
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echo ".env" >> .gitignore
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```
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## Creating the Client
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First, let's set up our imports and create the basic client class in `src/client.ts`:
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```typescript
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import { Client } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/client/index.js";
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import { StdioClientTransport } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/client/stdio.js";
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import Anthropic from "@anthropic-ai/sdk";
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import dotenv from "dotenv";
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import { Tool } from "@anthropic-ai/sdk/resources/messages.js";
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import {
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CallToolResultSchema,
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ListToolsResultSchema,
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} from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/types.js";
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import * as readline from "node:readline";
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dotenv.config();
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interface MCPClientConfig {
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name?: string;
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version?: string;
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}
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class MCPClient {
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private client: Client | null = null;
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private anthropic: Anthropic;
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private transport: StdioClientTransport | null = null;
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constructor(config: MCPClientConfig = {}) {
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this.anthropic = new Anthropic();
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}
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// Methods will go here
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}
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```
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## Server Connection Management
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Next, implement the method to connect to an MCP server:
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```typescript
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async connectToServer(serverScriptPath: string): Promise<void> {
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const isPython = serverScriptPath.endsWith(".py");
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const isJs = serverScriptPath.endsWith(".js");
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if (!isPython && !isJs) {
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throw new Error("Server script must be a .py or .js file");
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}
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const command = isPython ? "python" : "node";
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this.transport = new StdioClientTransport({
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command,
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args: [serverScriptPath],
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});
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this.client = new Client(
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{
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name: "mcp-client",
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version: "1.0.0",
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},
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{
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capabilities: {},
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}
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);
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await this.client.connect(this.transport);
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// List available tools
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const response = await this.client.request(
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{ method: "tools/list" },
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ListToolsResultSchema
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);
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console.log(
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"\nConnected to server with tools:",
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response.tools.map((tool: any) => tool.name)
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);
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}
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```
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## Query Processing Logic
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Now add the core functionality for processing queries and handling tool calls:
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```typescript
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async processQuery(query: string): Promise<string> {
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if (!this.client) {
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throw new Error("Client not connected");
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}
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// Initialize messages array with user query
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let messages: Anthropic.MessageParam[] = [
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{
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role: "user",
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content: query,
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},
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];
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// Get available tools
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const toolsResponse = await this.client.request(
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{ method: "tools/list" },
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ListToolsResultSchema
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);
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const availableTools: Tool[] = toolsResponse.tools.map((tool: any) => ({
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name: tool.name,
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description: tool.description,
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input_schema: tool.inputSchema,
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}));
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const finalText: string[] = [];
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let currentResponse = await this.anthropic.messages.create({
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model: "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022",
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max_tokens: 1000,
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messages,
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tools: availableTools,
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});
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// Process the response and any tool calls
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while (true) {
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// Add Claude's response to final text and messages
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for (const content of currentResponse.content) {
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if (content.type === "text") {
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finalText.push(content.text);
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} else if (content.type === "tool_use") {
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const toolName = content.name;
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const toolArgs = content.input;
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// Execute tool call
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const result = await this.client.request(
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{
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method: "tools/call",
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params: {
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name: toolName,
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args: toolArgs,
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},
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},
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CallToolResultSchema
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);
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finalText.push(
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`[Calling tool ${toolName} with args ${JSON.stringify(toolArgs)}]`
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);
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|
|
// Add Claude's response (including tool use) to messages
|
|
messages.push({
|
|
role: "assistant",
|
|
content: currentResponse.content,
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
// Add tool result to messages
|
|
messages.push({
|
|
role: "user",
|
|
content: [
|
|
{
|
|
type: "tool_result",
|
|
tool_use_id: content.id,
|
|
content: [
|
|
{ type: "text", text: JSON.stringify(result.content) },
|
|
],
|
|
},
|
|
],
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
// Get next response from Claude with tool results
|
|
currentResponse = await this.anthropic.messages.create({
|
|
model: "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022",
|
|
max_tokens: 1000,
|
|
messages,
|
|
tools: availableTools,
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
// Add Claude's interpretation of the tool results to final text
|
|
if (currentResponse.content[0]?.type === "text") {
|
|
finalText.push(currentResponse.content[0].text);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Continue the loop to process any additional tool calls
|
|
continue;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// If we reach here, there were no tool calls in the response
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return finalText.join("\n");
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Interactive Chat Interface
|
|
|
|
Add the chat loop and cleanup functionality:
|
|
|
|
```typescript
|
|
async chatLoop(): Promise<void> {
|
|
console.log("\nMCP Client Started!");
|
|
console.log("Type your queries or 'quit' to exit.");
|
|
|
|
// Using Node's readline for console input
|
|
const rl = readline.createInterface({
|
|
input: process.stdin,
|
|
output: process.stdout,
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
const askQuestion = () => {
|
|
rl.question("\nQuery: ", async (query: string) => {
|
|
try {
|
|
if (query.toLowerCase() === "quit") {
|
|
await this.cleanup();
|
|
rl.close();
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const response = await this.processQuery(query);
|
|
console.log("\n" + response);
|
|
askQuestion();
|
|
} catch (error) {
|
|
console.error("\nError:", error);
|
|
askQuestion();
|
|
}
|
|
});
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
askQuestion();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
async cleanup(): Promise<void> {
|
|
if (this.transport) {
|
|
await this.transport.close();
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Main Entry Point
|
|
|
|
Finally, add the main execution logic outside the class:
|
|
|
|
```typescript
|
|
// Main execution
|
|
async function main() {
|
|
if (process.argv.length < 3) {
|
|
console.log("Usage: ts-node client.ts <path_to_server_script>");
|
|
process.exit(1);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const client = new MCPClient();
|
|
try {
|
|
await client.connectToServer(process.argv[2]);
|
|
await client.chatLoop();
|
|
} catch (error) {
|
|
console.error("Error:", error);
|
|
await client.cleanup();
|
|
process.exit(1);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Run main if this is the main module
|
|
if (import.meta.url === new URL(process.argv[1], "file:").href) {
|
|
main();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
export default MCPClient;
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Running the Client
|
|
|
|
To run your client with any MCP server:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Build the TypeScript code. Make sure to rerun this every time you update `client.ts`!
|
|
npm run build
|
|
|
|
# Run the client
|
|
node build/client.js path/to/server.py # for Python servers
|
|
node build/client.js path/to/server.js # for Node.js servers
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The client will:
|
|
1. Connect to the specified server
|
|
2. List available tools
|
|
3. Start an interactive chat session where you can:
|
|
- Enter queries
|
|
- See tool executions
|
|
- Get responses from Claude
|
|
|
|
## Key Components Explained
|
|
|
|
#### 1. Client Initialization
|
|
- The `MCPClient` class initializes with session management and API clients
|
|
- Sets up the MCP client with basic capabilities
|
|
- Configures the Anthropic client for Claude interactions
|
|
|
|
#### 2. Server Connection
|
|
- Supports both Python and Node.js servers
|
|
- Validates server script type
|
|
- Sets up proper communication channels
|
|
- Lists available tools on connection
|
|
|
|
#### 3. Query Processing
|
|
- Maintains conversation context
|
|
- Handles Claude's responses and tool calls
|
|
- Manages the message flow between Claude and tools
|
|
- Combines results into a coherent response
|
|
|
|
#### 4. Interactive Interface
|
|
- Provides a simple command-line interface
|
|
- Handles user input and displays responses
|
|
- Includes basic error handling
|
|
- Allows graceful exit
|
|
|
|
#### 5. Resource Management
|
|
- Proper cleanup of resources
|
|
- Error handling for connection issues
|
|
- Graceful shutdown procedures
|
|
|
|
### Common Customization Points
|
|
|
|
1. **Tool Handling**
|
|
- Modify `processQuery()` to handle specific tool types
|
|
- Add custom error handling for tool calls
|
|
- Implement tool-specific response formatting
|
|
|
|
2. **Response Processing**
|
|
- Customize how tool results are formatted
|
|
- Add response filtering or transformation
|
|
- Implement custom logging
|
|
|
|
3. **User Interface**
|
|
- Add a GUI or web interface
|
|
- Implement rich console output
|
|
- Add command history or auto-completion
|
|
|
|
### Best Practices
|
|
|
|
1. **Error Handling**
|
|
- Always wrap tool calls in try-catch blocks
|
|
- Provide meaningful error messages
|
|
- Gracefully handle connection issues
|
|
|
|
2. **Resource Management**
|
|
- Use proper cleanup methods
|
|
- Close connections when done
|
|
- Handle server disconnections
|
|
|
|
3. **Security**
|
|
- Store API keys securely in `.env`
|
|
- Validate server responses
|
|
- Be cautious with tool permissions
|
|
|
|
### Troubleshooting
|
|
|
|
#### Server Path Issues
|
|
- Double-check the path to your server script
|
|
- Use absolute paths if relative paths aren't working
|
|
- For Windows users, use forward slashes (/) or escaped backslashes (\\)
|
|
- Verify the server file has the correct extension (.py or .js)
|
|
|
|
Example of correct path usage:
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Relative path
|
|
node build/client.js ./server/weather.js
|
|
|
|
# Absolute path
|
|
node build/client.js /Users/username/projects/mcp-server/weather.js
|
|
|
|
# Windows path (either format works)
|
|
node build/client.js C:/projects/mcp-server/weather.js
|
|
node build/client.js C:\\projects\\mcp-server\\weather.js
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Connection Issues
|
|
- Verify the server script exists and has correct permissions
|
|
- Check that the server script is executable
|
|
- Ensure the server script's dependencies are installed
|
|
- Try running the server script directly to check for errors
|
|
|
|
#### Tool Execution Issues
|
|
- Check server logs for error messages
|
|
- Verify tool input arguments match the schema
|
|
- Ensure tool dependencies are available
|
|
- Add debug logging to track execution flow
|
|
</Tab>
|
|
</Tabs>
|
|
|
|
## Next steps
|
|
|
|
<CardGroup cols={1}>
|
|
<Card
|
|
title="Example servers"
|
|
icon="grid"
|
|
href="/examples"
|
|
>
|
|
Check out our gallery of official MCP servers and implementations
|
|
</Card>
|
|
<Card
|
|
title="Core architecture"
|
|
icon="sitemap"
|
|
href="/docs/concepts/architecture"
|
|
>
|
|
Understand how MCP connects clients, servers, and LLMs
|
|
</Card>
|
|
</CardGroup> |