feat: MCP app sampling support via stock SDK types (alt to #477) (#530)

* feat: MCP app sampling support via stock SDK types

Alternative to #477. Instead of forking a stripped-down sampling schema,
this reuses the stock `CreateMessageRequest` / `CreateMessageResult` /
`CreateMessageResultWithTools` types from `@modelcontextprotocol/sdk`
directly — same pattern already used for `tools/call`.

- Spec: `sampling/createMessage` listed under `### Standard MCP Messages`,
  `sampling?: { tools?: {} }` added to `HostCapabilities` (mirrors MCP
  `ClientCapabilities.sampling` shape for easy pass-through).
- SDK: `App.createSamplingMessage()` with overloads that narrow the return
  type based on whether `params.tools` is set; `AppBridge.oncreatesamplingmessage`
  setter; `CreateMessageRequest`/`CreateMessageResult*` added to the
  `AppRequest`/`AppResult` unions.
- Picks up SEP-1577 tool-calling support (`tools`, `toolChoice`, `tool_use`
  content blocks, `stopReason: "toolUse"`, array content) for free — unblocks
  the "nested agents" use case motivated by the original PR.

https://claude.ai/code/session_01ENGWTtsfcyP4S6fTWtUMAh

* feat(app): guard createSamplingMessage before handshake completes

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

specification/draft/apps.mdx

@@ -516,6 +516,10 @@ UI iframes can use the following subset of standard MCP protocol messages:
 
 - `resources/read` - Read resource content
 
+**Sampling:**
+
+- `sampling/createMessage` - Request an LLM completion from the host (uses the standard MCP [`CreateMessageRequest`](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-11-25/client/sampling) / `CreateMessageResult` types, including SEP-1577 `tools` / `toolChoice` / `tool_use` content blocks). The host has full discretion over model selection and SHOULD apply rate limiting, cost controls, and user approval (human-in-the-loop). Apps MUST check `hostCapabilities.sampling` before sending this request, and `hostCapabilities.sampling.tools` before including `tools` in the request params.
+
 **Notifications:**
 
 - `notifications/message` - Log messages to host
@@ -662,6 +666,14 @@ interface HostCapabilities {
   };
   /** Host accepts log messages. */
   logging?: {};
+  /**
+   * Host supports LLM sampling (sampling/createMessage) from the view.
+   * Mirrors MCP ClientCapabilities.sampling so hosts can pass it through.
+   */
+  sampling?: {
+    /** Host supports tool use via `tools` and `toolChoice` params (SEP-1577). */
+    tools?: {};
+  };
   /** Sandbox configuration applied by the host. */
   sandbox?: {
     /** Permissions granted by the host (camera, microphone, geolocation, clipboard-write). */

src/app-bridge.examples.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ import type { Transport } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/shared/transport.js";
 import {
   CallToolResult,
   CallToolResultSchema,
+  CreateMessageRequest,
+  CreateMessageResult,
   ListResourcesResultSchema,
   ReadResourceResultSchema,
   ListPromptsResultSchema,
@@ -228,6 +230,26 @@ function AppBridge_oncalltool_forwardToServer(
   //#endregion AppBridge_oncalltool_forwardToServer
 }
 
+/**
+ * Example: Forward sampling requests to your LLM provider.
+ */
+function AppBridge_oncreatesamplingmessage_forwardToLlm(
+  bridge: AppBridge,
+  myLlmProvider: {
+    complete: (
+      params: CreateMessageRequest["params"],
+      opts: { signal: AbortSignal },
+    ) => Promise<CreateMessageResult>;
+  },
+) {
+  //#region AppBridge_oncreatesamplingmessage_forwardToLlm
+  bridge.oncreatesamplingmessage = async (params, extra) => {
+    // Apply rate limiting, user approval, cost controls here
+    return await myLlmProvider.complete(params, { signal: extra.signal });
+  };
+  //#endregion AppBridge_oncreatesamplingmessage_forwardToLlm
+}
+
 /**
  * Example: Forward list resources requests to the MCP server.
  */

src/app-bridge.test.ts

@@ -737,6 +737,43 @@ describe("App <-> AppBridge integration", () => {
       expect(result.content).toEqual(resultContent);
     });
 
+    it("oncreatesamplingmessage setter registers handler for sampling/createMessage requests", async () => {
+      // Re-create bridge with sampling capability so App's capability check passes
+      bridge = new AppBridge(null, testHostInfo, {
+        ...testHostCapabilities,
+        sampling: { tools: {} },
+      });
+
+      const receivedParams: unknown[] = [];
+      bridge.oncreatesamplingmessage = async (params) => {
+        receivedParams.push(params);
+        return {
+          role: "assistant",
+          content: { type: "text", text: "Hello from the model" },
+          model: "test-model",
+          stopReason: "endTurn",
+        };
+      };
+
+      await bridge.connect(bridgeTransport);
+      await app.connect(appTransport);
+
+      expect(app.getHostCapabilities()?.sampling?.tools).toEqual({});
+
+      const result = await app.createSamplingMessage({
+        messages: [{ role: "user", content: { type: "text", text: "Hi" } }],
+        maxTokens: 50,
+      });
+
+      expect(receivedParams).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(receivedParams[0]).toMatchObject({ maxTokens: 50 });
+      expect(result.model).toEqual("test-model");
+      expect(result.content).toEqual({
+        type: "text",
+        text: "Hello from the model",
+      });
+    });
+
     it("ondownloadfile setter registers handler for ui/download-file requests", async () => {
       const downloadParams = {
         contents: [

src/app-bridge.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ import {
   CallToolRequestSchema,
   CallToolResult,
   CallToolResultSchema,
+  CreateMessageRequest,
+  CreateMessageRequestSchema,
+  CreateMessageResult,
+  CreateMessageResultWithTools,
   EmptyResult,
   Implementation,
   ListPromptsRequest,
@@ -1049,6 +1053,49 @@ export class AppBridge extends ProtocolWithEvents<
     );
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Register a handler for LLM sampling requests from the view.
+   *
+   * The view sends standard MCP `sampling/createMessage` requests to obtain
+   * LLM completions via the host's model connection. The host has full
+   * discretion over which model to use and SHOULD apply rate limiting,
+   * cost controls, and user approval (human-in-the-loop) before sampling.
+   *
+   * Hosts that register this handler SHOULD advertise `sampling` (and
+   * `sampling.tools` if tool-calling is supported) in
+   * {@link McpUiHostCapabilities `McpUiHostCapabilities`}.
+   *
+   * @param callback - Handler that receives `CreateMessageRequest` params and
+   *   returns a `CreateMessageResult` (or `CreateMessageResultWithTools` when
+   *   `params.tools` was provided)
+   *   - `params` - Standard MCP sampling params (messages, maxTokens, tools, etc.)
+   *   - `extra` - Request metadata (abort signal, session info)
+   *
+   * @example Forward to your LLM provider
+   * ```ts source="./app-bridge.examples.ts#AppBridge_oncreatesamplingmessage_forwardToLlm"
+   * bridge.oncreatesamplingmessage = async (params, extra) => {
+   *   // Apply rate limiting, user approval, cost controls here
+   *   return await myLlmProvider.complete(params, { signal: extra.signal });
+   * };
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @see `CreateMessageRequest` from @modelcontextprotocol/sdk for the request type
+   * @see `CreateMessageResult` / `CreateMessageResultWithTools` from @modelcontextprotocol/sdk for result types
+   */
+  set oncreatesamplingmessage(
+    callback: (
+      params: CreateMessageRequest["params"],
+      extra: RequestHandlerExtra,
+    ) => Promise<CreateMessageResult | CreateMessageResultWithTools>,
+  ) {
+    this.setRequestHandler(
+      CreateMessageRequestSchema,
+      async (request, extra) => {
+        return callback(request.params, extra);
+      },
+    );
+  }
+
   /**
    * Notify the view that the MCP server's tool list has changed.
    *

src/app.examples.ts

@@ -334,6 +334,54 @@ async function App_callServerTool_fetchWeather(app: App) {
   //#endregion App_callServerTool_fetchWeather
 }
 
+/**
+ * Example: Simple LLM completion via host sampling.
+ */
+async function App_createSamplingMessage_simple(app: App) {
+  //#region App_createSamplingMessage_simple
+  const result = await app.createSamplingMessage({
+    messages: [
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: { type: "text", text: "Summarize this in one line." },
+      },
+    ],
+    maxTokens: 100,
+  });
+  console.log(result.content);
+  //#endregion App_createSamplingMessage_simple
+}
+
+/**
+ * Example: Agentic loop with tools (requires host sampling.tools capability).
+ */
+async function App_createSamplingMessage_withTools(
+  app: App,
+  messages: import("@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/types.js").SamplingMessage[],
+) {
+  //#region App_createSamplingMessage_withTools
+  if (!app.getHostCapabilities()?.sampling?.tools) return;
+
+  const result = await app.createSamplingMessage({
+    messages,
+    maxTokens: 1024,
+    tools: [
+      {
+        name: "get_weather",
+        description: "Get the current weather",
+        inputSchema: {
+          type: "object",
+          properties: { city: { type: "string" } },
+        },
+      },
+    ],
+  });
+  if (result.stopReason === "toolUse") {
+    // result.content may be an array containing tool_use blocks
+  }
+  //#endregion App_createSamplingMessage_withTools
+}
+
 /**
  * Example: Read a video resource and play it.
  */

src/app.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@ import {
   CallToolRequestSchema,
   CallToolResult,
   CallToolResultSchema,
+  CreateMessageRequest,
+  CreateMessageResult,
+  CreateMessageResultSchema,
+  CreateMessageResultWithTools,
+  CreateMessageResultWithToolsSchema,
   EmptyResultSchema,
   Implementation,
   ListResourcesRequest,
@@ -802,7 +807,15 @@ export class App extends ProtocolWithEvents<
    * @internal
    */
   assertCapabilityForMethod(method: AppRequest["method"]): void {
-    // TODO
+    switch (method) {
+      case "sampling/createMessage":
+        if (!this._hostCapabilities?.sampling) {
+          throw new Error(
+            `Host does not support sampling (required for ${method})`,
+          );
+        }
+        break;
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -1011,6 +1024,90 @@ export class App extends ProtocolWithEvents<
     );
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Request an LLM completion from the host (standard MCP `sampling/createMessage`).
+   *
+   * Enables the app to use the host's model connection for completions. The host
+   * has full discretion over which model to select and MAY modify or reject the
+   * request (human-in-the-loop). Check {@link getHostCapabilities `getHostCapabilities`}`()?.sampling`
+   * before calling — hosts without this capability will reject the request.
+   *
+   * This method reuses the stock MCP `CreateMessageRequest` shape. When `params.tools`
+   * is provided, the result is parsed with the extended schema that permits
+   * `stopReason: "toolUse"` and array content containing `tool_use` blocks.
+   *
+   * @param params - Standard MCP `CreateMessageRequest` params (messages, maxTokens,
+   *   systemPrompt, temperature, modelPreferences, tools, toolChoice, etc.)
+   * @param options - Request options (timeout, abort signal)
+   * @returns `CreateMessageResult` (single content block) or `CreateMessageResultWithTools`
+   *   (array content, may include `tool_use` blocks) depending on whether `tools` was set
+   *
+   * @throws {Error} If the host rejects the request or does not support sampling
+   * @throws {Error} If the request times out or the connection is lost
+   *
+   * @example Simple completion
+   * ```ts source="./app.examples.ts#App_createSamplingMessage_simple"
+   * const result = await app.createSamplingMessage({
+   *   messages: [
+   *     {
+   *       role: "user",
+   *       content: { type: "text", text: "Summarize this in one line." },
+   *     },
+   *   ],
+   *   maxTokens: 100,
+   * });
+   * console.log(result.content);
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @example Agentic loop with tools
+   * ```ts source="./app.examples.ts#App_createSamplingMessage_withTools"
+   * if (!app.getHostCapabilities()?.sampling?.tools) return;
+   *
+   * const result = await app.createSamplingMessage({
+   *   messages,
+   *   maxTokens: 1024,
+   *   tools: [
+   *     {
+   *       name: "get_weather",
+   *       description: "Get the current weather",
+   *       inputSchema: {
+   *         type: "object",
+   *         properties: { city: { type: "string" } },
+   *       },
+   *     },
+   *   ],
+   * });
+   * if (result.stopReason === "toolUse") {
+   *   // result.content may be an array containing tool_use blocks
+   * }
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @see `CreateMessageRequest` from @modelcontextprotocol/sdk for the request type
+   * @see `CreateMessageResult` / `CreateMessageResultWithTools` from @modelcontextprotocol/sdk for result types
+   */
+  async createSamplingMessage(
+    params: CreateMessageRequest["params"] & { tools?: undefined },
+    options?: RequestOptions,
+  ): Promise<CreateMessageResult>;
+  async createSamplingMessage(
+    params: CreateMessageRequest["params"],
+    options?: RequestOptions,
+  ): Promise<CreateMessageResultWithTools>;
+  async createSamplingMessage(
+    params: CreateMessageRequest["params"],
+    options?: RequestOptions,
+  ): Promise<CreateMessageResult | CreateMessageResultWithTools> {
+    this._assertInitialized("createSamplingMessage");
+    const resultSchema = params.tools
+      ? CreateMessageResultWithToolsSchema
+      : CreateMessageResultSchema;
+    return await this.request(
+      { method: "sampling/createMessage", params },
+      resultSchema,
+      options,
+    );
+  }
+
   /**
    * Send a message to the host's chat interface.
    *

src/generated/schema.json

@@ -501,6 +501,19 @@
             }
           },
           "additionalProperties": false
+        },
+        "sampling": {
+          "description": "Host supports LLM sampling (sampling/createMessage) from the view.\nMirrors the MCP `ClientCapabilities.sampling` shape so hosts can pass it through.",
+          "type": "object",
+          "properties": {
+            "tools": {
+              "description": "Host supports tool use via `tools` and `toolChoice` parameters.",
+              "type": "object",
+              "properties": {},
+              "additionalProperties": false
+            }
+          },
+          "additionalProperties": false
         }
       },
       "additionalProperties": false
@@ -2841,6 +2854,19 @@
                 }
               },
               "additionalProperties": false
+            },
+            "sampling": {
+              "description": "Host supports LLM sampling (sampling/createMessage) from the view.\nMirrors the MCP `ClientCapabilities.sampling` shape so hosts can pass it through.",
+              "type": "object",
+              "properties": {
+                "tools": {
+                  "description": "Host supports tool use via `tools` and `toolChoice` parameters.",
+                  "type": "object",
+                  "properties": {},
+                  "additionalProperties": false
+                }
+              },
+              "additionalProperties": false
             }
           },
           "additionalProperties": false,

src/generated/schema.ts

@@ -558,6 +558,24 @@ export const McpUiHostCapabilitiesSchema = z.object({
   message: McpUiSupportedContentBlockModalitiesSchema.optional().describe(
     "Host supports receiving content messages (ui/message) from the view.",
   ),
+  /**
+   * @description Host supports LLM sampling (sampling/createMessage) from the view.
+   * Mirrors the MCP `ClientCapabilities.sampling` shape so hosts can pass it through.
+   */
+  sampling: z
+    .object({
+      /** @description Host supports tool use via `tools` and `toolChoice` parameters. */
+      tools: z
+        .object({})
+        .optional()
+        .describe(
+          "Host supports tool use via `tools` and `toolChoice` parameters.",
+        ),
+    })
+    .optional()
+    .describe(
+      "Host supports LLM sampling (sampling/createMessage) from the view.\nMirrors the MCP `ClientCapabilities.sampling` shape so hosts can pass it through.",
+    ),
 });
 
 /**

src/spec.types.ts

@@ -521,6 +521,14 @@ export interface McpUiHostCapabilities {
   updateModelContext?: McpUiSupportedContentBlockModalities;
   /** @description Host supports receiving content messages (ui/message) from the view. */
   message?: McpUiSupportedContentBlockModalities;
+  /**
+   * @description Host supports LLM sampling (sampling/createMessage) from the view.
+   * Mirrors the MCP `ClientCapabilities.sampling` shape so hosts can pass it through.
+   */
+  sampling?: {
+    /** @description Host supports tool use via `tools` and `toolChoice` parameters. */
+    tools?: {};
+  };
 }
 
 /**

src/types.ts

@@ -140,6 +140,9 @@ export {
 import {
   CallToolRequest,
   CallToolResult,
+  CreateMessageRequest,
+  CreateMessageResult,
+  CreateMessageResultWithTools,
   EmptyResult,
   ListPromptsRequest,
   ListPromptsResult,
@@ -165,6 +168,7 @@ import {
  * - MCP UI requests (initialize, open-link, message, resource-teardown, request-display-mode)
  * - MCP server requests forwarded from the app (tools/call, tools/list, resources/list,
  *   resources/templates/list, resources/read, prompts/list)
+ * - MCP client requests forwarded to the host (sampling/createMessage)
  * - Protocol requests (ping)
  */
 export type AppRequest =
@@ -181,6 +185,7 @@ export type AppRequest =
   | ListResourceTemplatesRequest
   | ReadResourceRequest
   | ListPromptsRequest
+  | CreateMessageRequest
   | PingRequest;
 
 /**
@@ -230,4 +235,6 @@ export type AppResult =
   | ListResourceTemplatesResult
   | ReadResourceResult
   | ListPromptsResult
+  | CreateMessageResult
+  | CreateMessageResultWithTools
   | EmptyResult;