mcp/server: enable server logging (#501)

mcp/server.go: implement server‑side logging

- Thread a *slog.Logger through server paths to improve debuggability
- Introduce no‑op discard handler + ensureLogger so loggers are never
nil
- Use ensured loggers in Server
- address todo comments related to adding logging support

All tests are passing and no functionality should change with this PR

Fixes https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/go-sdk/issues/170

mcp/server.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"iter"
+	"log/slog"
 	"maps"
 	"net/url"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -54,6 +55,8 @@ type Server struct {
 type ServerOptions struct {
 	// Optional instructions for connected clients.
 	Instructions string
+	// If non-nil, log server activity.
+	Logger *slog.Logger
 	// If non-nil, called when "notifications/initialized" is received.
 	InitializedHandler func(context.Context, *InitializedRequest)
 	// PageSize is the maximum number of items to return in a single page for
@@ -130,6 +133,10 @@ func NewServer(impl *Implementation, options *ServerOptions) *Server {
 		opts.GetSessionID = randText
 	}
 
+	if opts.Logger == nil { // ensure we have a logger
+		opts.Logger = ensureLogger(nil)
+	}
+
 	return &Server{
 		impl:                    impl,
 		opts:                    opts,
@@ -695,6 +702,7 @@ func (s *Server) ResourceUpdated(ctx context.Context, params *ResourceUpdatedNot
 	sessions := slices.Collect(maps.Keys(subscribedSessions))
 	s.mu.Unlock()
 	notifySessions(sessions, notificationResourceUpdated, params)
+	s.opts.Logger.Info("resource updated notification sent", "uri", params.URI, "subscriber_count", len(sessions))
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -712,6 +720,7 @@ func (s *Server) subscribe(ctx context.Context, req *SubscribeRequest) (*emptyRe
 		s.resourceSubscriptions[req.Params.URI] = make(map[*ServerSession]bool)
 	}
 	s.resourceSubscriptions[req.Params.URI][req.Session] = true
+	s.opts.Logger.Info("resource subscribed", "uri", req.Params.URI, "session_id", req.Session.ID())
 
 	return &emptyResult{}, nil
 }
@@ -733,6 +742,7 @@ func (s *Server) unsubscribe(ctx context.Context, req *UnsubscribeRequest) (*emp
 			delete(s.resourceSubscriptions, req.Params.URI)
 		}
 	}
+	s.opts.Logger.Info("resource unsubscribed", "uri", req.Params.URI, "session_id", req.Session.ID())
 
 	return &emptyResult{}, nil
 }
@@ -751,8 +761,10 @@ func (s *Server) unsubscribe(ctx context.Context, req *UnsubscribeRequest) (*emp
 // It need not be called on servers that are used for multiple concurrent connections,
 // as with [StreamableHTTPHandler].
 func (s *Server) Run(ctx context.Context, t Transport) error {
+	s.opts.Logger.Info("server run start")
 	ss, err := s.Connect(ctx, t, nil)
 	if err != nil {
+		s.opts.Logger.Error("server connect failed", "error", err)
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -764,8 +776,14 @@ func (s *Server) Run(ctx context.Context, t Transport) error {
 	select {
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		ss.Close()
+		s.opts.Logger.Error("server run cancelled", "error", ctx.Err())
 		return ctx.Err()
 	case err := <-ssClosed:
+		if err != nil {
+			s.opts.Logger.Error("server session ended with error", "error", err)
+		} else {
+			s.opts.Logger.Info("server session ended")
+		}
 		return err
 	}
 }
@@ -781,6 +799,7 @@ func (s *Server) bind(mcpConn Connection, conn *jsonrpc2.Connection, state *Serv
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	s.sessions = append(s.sessions, ss)
 	s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.opts.Logger.Info("server session connected", "session_id", ss.ID())
 	return ss
 }
 
@@ -796,6 +815,7 @@ func (s *Server) disconnect(cc *ServerSession) {
 	for _, subscribedSessions := range s.resourceSubscriptions {
 		delete(subscribedSessions, cc)
 	}
+	s.opts.Logger.Info("server session disconnected", "session_id", cc.ID())
 }
 
 // ServerSessionOptions configures the server session.
@@ -820,7 +840,14 @@ func (s *Server) Connect(ctx context.Context, t Transport, opts *ServerSessionOp
 		state = opts.State
 		onClose = opts.onClose
 	}
-	return connect(ctx, t, s, state, onClose)
+
+	s.opts.Logger.Info("server connecting")
+	ss, err := connect(ctx, t, s, state, onClose)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.opts.Logger.Error("server connect error", "error", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return ss, nil
 }
 
 // TODO: (nit) move all ServerSession methods below the ServerSession declaration.
@@ -840,9 +867,11 @@ func (ss *ServerSession) initialized(ctx context.Context, params *InitializedPar
 	})
 
 	if !wasInit {
+		ss.server.opts.Logger.Error("initialized before initialize")
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q before %q", notificationInitialized, methodInitialize)
 	}
 	if wasInitd {
+		ss.server.opts.Logger.Error("duplicate initialized notification")
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("duplicate %q received", notificationInitialized)
 	}
 	if ss.server.opts.KeepAlive > 0 {
@@ -851,6 +880,7 @@ func (ss *ServerSession) initialized(ctx context.Context, params *InitializedPar
 	if h := ss.server.opts.InitializedHandler; h != nil {
 		h(ctx, serverRequestFor(ss, params))
 	}
+	ss.server.opts.Logger.Info("session initialized")
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
@@ -1088,6 +1118,7 @@ func (ss *ServerSession) handle(ctx context.Context, req *jsonrpc.Request) (any,
 	case methodInitialize, methodPing, notificationInitialized:
 	default:
 		if !initialized {
+			ss.server.opts.Logger.Error("method invalid during initialization", "method", req.Method)
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("method %q is invalid during session initialization", req.Method)
 		}
 	}
@@ -1144,6 +1175,7 @@ func (ss *ServerSession) setLevel(_ context.Context, params *SetLoggingLevelPara
 	ss.updateState(func(state *ServerSessionState) {
 		state.LogLevel = params.Level
 	})
+	ss.server.opts.Logger.Info("client log level set", "level", params.Level)
 	return &emptyResult{}, nil
 }