internal/oauthex: address URL attacks in PRM (#539)

Fix Protected Resource Metadata to prevent URL attacks, as described in
the issue.

For #526

internal/oauthex/oauth2.go

@@ -65,3 +65,21 @@ func getJSON[T any](ctx context.Context, c *http.Client, url string, limit int64
 	}
 	return &t, nil
 }
+
+// checkURLScheme ensures that its argument is a valid URL with a scheme
+// that prevents XSS attacks.
+// See #526.
+func checkURLScheme(u string) error {
+	if u == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	uu, err := url.Parse(u)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	scheme := strings.ToLower(uu.Scheme)
+	if scheme == "javascript" || scheme == "data" || scheme == "vbscript" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("URL has disallowed scheme %q", scheme)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/oauthex/resource_meta.go

@@ -159,11 +159,11 @@ func GetProtectedResourceMetadataFromHeader(ctx context.Context, header http.Hea
 
 // getPRM makes a GET request to the given URL, and validates the response.
 // As part of the validation, it compares the returned resource field to wantResource.
-func getPRM(ctx context.Context, url string, c *http.Client, wantResource string) (*ProtectedResourceMetadata, error) {
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToUpper(url), "HTTPS://") {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("resource URL %q does not use HTTPS", url)
+func getPRM(ctx context.Context, purl string, c *http.Client, wantResource string) (*ProtectedResourceMetadata, error) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToUpper(purl), "HTTPS://") {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("resource URL %q does not use HTTPS", purl)
 	}
-	prm, err := getJSON[ProtectedResourceMetadata](ctx, c, url, 1<<20)
+	prm, err := getJSON[ProtectedResourceMetadata](ctx, c, purl, 1<<20)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -171,6 +171,12 @@ func getPRM(ctx context.Context, url string, c *http.Client, wantResource string
 	if prm.Resource != wantResource {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("got metadata resource %q, want %q", prm.Resource, wantResource)
 	}
+	// Validate the authorization server URLs to prevent XSS attacks (see #526).
+	for _, u := range prm.AuthorizationServers {
+		if err := checkURLScheme(u); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
 	return prm, nil
 }
 

oauthex/oauthex.go

@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
 // Package oauthex implements extensions to OAuth2.
 package oauthex
 
-import "github.com/modelcontextprotocol/go-sdk/internal/oauthex"
+import (
+	"github.com/modelcontextprotocol/go-sdk/internal/oauthex"
+)
 
 // ProtectedResourceMetadata is the metadata for an OAuth 2.0 protected resource,
 // as defined in section 2 of https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9728.html.