fix: add validation for OAuth redirect URLs

- Create shared validateRedirectUrl utility to centralize URL validation
- Only allow HTTP and HTTPS protocols in OAuth authorization URLs
- Fix three vulnerable redirect paths that bypassed validation:
  - AuthDebugger.tsx: Direct window.location.href redirect
  - OAuthFlowProgress.tsx: window.open() without validation
  - OAuthFlowProgress.tsx: Direct anchor href attribute
- Add comprehensive test coverage for URL validation
- Update existing auth.ts to use shared validation utility

This prevents malicious MCP servers from injecting javascript: or data:
protocol URLs that would execute XSS attacks when users are redirected
to the authorization endpoint.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

client/src/components/AuthDebugger.tsx

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { AuthDebuggerState, EMPTY_DEBUGGER_STATE } from "../lib/auth-types";
 import { OAuthFlowProgress } from "./OAuthFlowProgress";
 import { OAuthStateMachine } from "../lib/oauth-state-machine";
 import { SESSION_KEYS } from "../lib/constants";
+import { validateRedirectUrl } from "@/utils/urlValidation";
 
 export interface AuthDebuggerProps {
   serverUrl: string;
@@ -163,6 +164,22 @@ const AuthDebugger = ({
           currentState.oauthStep === "authorization_code" &&
           currentState.authorizationUrl
         ) {
+          // Validate the URL before redirecting
+          try {
+            validateRedirectUrl(currentState.authorizationUrl);
+          } catch (error) {
+            updateAuthState({
+              ...currentState,
+              isInitiatingAuth: false,
+              latestError: error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error)),
+              statusMessage: {
+                type: "error",
+                message: `Invalid authorization URL: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+              },
+            });
+            return;
+          }
+          
           // Store the current auth state before redirecting
           sessionStorage.setItem(
             SESSION_KEYS.AUTH_DEBUGGER_STATE,