Enhance roots functionality and improve error handling

- Replace Utils.isEmpty check with null check for roots map
- Add specialized error messages for method not found errors
- Extend McpError to include JSONRPCError information
- Add comprehensive tests for roots functionality including:
  - Empty roots list handling
  - Missing capability scenarios
  - Multiple consumers
  - Server closure with active subscriptions

mcp/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/mcp/client/McpAsyncClient.java

@@ -150,13 +150,13 @@ public class McpAsyncClient {
 
 		this.transport = transport;
 
-		this.roots = !Utils.isEmpty(roots) ? new ConcurrentHashMap<>(roots) : new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+		this.roots = roots != null ? new ConcurrentHashMap<>(roots) : new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
 		// Request Handlers
 		Map<String, RequestHandler> requestHanlers = new HashMap<>();
 
 		// Roots List Request Handler
-		if (!Utils.isEmpty(this.roots) && this.clientCapabilities.roots() != null) {
+		if (this.roots != null && this.clientCapabilities.roots() != null) {
 			requestHanlers.put(McpSchema.METHOD_ROOTS_LIST, rootsListRequestHandler());
 		}
 

mcp/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/mcp/spec/DefaultMcpSession.java

@@ -128,9 +128,11 @@ public class DefaultMcpSession implements McpSession {
 		this.requestHandlers.putAll(requestHandlers);
 		this.notificationHandlers.putAll(notificationHandlers);
 
-		// TODO: consider mono.transformDeferredContextual where the Context contains the
+		// TODO: consider mono.transformDeferredContextual where the Context contains
+		// the
 		// Observation associated with the individual message - it can be used to
-		// create child Observation and emit it together with the message to the consumer
+		// create child Observation and emit it together with the message to the
+		// consumer
 		this.connection = this.transport.connect(mono -> mono.doOnNext(message -> {
 			if (message instanceof McpSchema.JSONRPCResponse response) {
 				logger.info("Received Response: {}", response);
@@ -169,9 +171,10 @@ public class DefaultMcpSession implements McpSession {
 		return Mono.defer(() -> {
 			var handler = this.requestHandlers.get(request.method());
 			if (handler == null) {
+				MethodNotFoundError error = getMethodNotFoundError(request.method());
 				return Mono.just(new McpSchema.JSONRPCResponse(McpSchema.JSONRPC_VERSION, request.id(), null,
 						new McpSchema.JSONRPCResponse.JSONRPCError(McpSchema.ErrorCodes.METHOD_NOT_FOUND,
-								"Method not found: " + request.method(), null)));
+								error.message(), error.data())));
 			}
 
 			return handler.handle(request.params())
@@ -183,6 +186,19 @@ public class DefaultMcpSession implements McpSession {
 		});
 	}
 
+	record MethodNotFoundError(String method, String message, Object data) {
+	}
+
+	public static MethodNotFoundError getMethodNotFoundError(String method) {
+		switch (method) {
+			case McpSchema.METHOD_ROOTS_LIST:
+				return new MethodNotFoundError(method, "Roots not supported",
+						Map.of("reason", "Client does not have roots capability"));
+			default:
+				return new MethodNotFoundError(method, "Method not found: " + method, null);
+		}
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Handles an incoming JSON-RPC notification by routing it to the appropriate handler.
 	 * @param notification The incoming JSON-RPC notification

mcp/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/mcp/spec/McpError.java

@@ -15,10 +15,23 @@
 */
 package org.springframework.ai.mcp.spec;
 
+import org.springframework.ai.mcp.spec.McpSchema.JSONRPCResponse.JSONRPCError;
+
 public class McpError extends RuntimeException {
 
+	private JSONRPCError jsonRpcError;
+
+	public McpError(JSONRPCError jsonRpcError) {
+		super(jsonRpcError.message());
+		this.jsonRpcError = jsonRpcError;
+	}
+
 	public McpError(Object error) {
 		super(error.toString());
 	}
 
+	public JSONRPCError getJsonRpcError() {
+		return jsonRpcError;
+	}
+
 }

mcp/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/mcp/server/SseAsyncIntegrationTests.java

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 /*
-* Copyright 2024 - 2024 the original author or authors.
-*
-* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-* You may obtain a copy of the License at
-*
-* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-*
-* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-* limitations under the License.
-*/
+ * Copyright 2024 - 2024 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
 package org.springframework.ai.mcp.server;
 
 import java.time.Duration;
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.WebClient;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunctions;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
 import static org.awaitility.Awaitility.await;
 
 public class SseAsyncIntegrationTests {
@@ -165,7 +166,6 @@ public class SseAsyncIntegrationTests {
 	// ---------------------------------------
 	@Test
 	void testRootsSuccess() {
-
 		List<Root> roots = List.of(new Root("uri1://", "root1"), new Root("uri2://", "root2"));
 
 		AtomicReference<List<Root>> rootsRef = new AtomicReference<>();
@@ -173,12 +173,6 @@ public class SseAsyncIntegrationTests {
 			.rootsChangeConsumer(rootsUpdate -> rootsRef.set(rootsUpdate))
 			.sync();
 
-		// HttpHandler httpHandler =
-		// RouterFunctions.toHttpHandler(mcpServerTransport.getRouterFunction());
-		// ReactorHttpHandlerAdapter adapter = new ReactorHttpHandlerAdapter(httpHandler);
-		// HttpServer httpServer = HttpServer.create().port(8080).handle(adapter);
-		// DisposableServer d = httpServer.bindNow();
-
 		var mcpClient = clientBuilder.capabilities(ClientCapabilities.builder().roots(true).build())
 			.roots(roots)
 			.sync();
@@ -212,8 +206,112 @@ public class SseAsyncIntegrationTests {
 		});
 
 		mcpClient.close();
-
 		mcpServer.close();
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void testRootsWithoutCapability() {
+		var mcpServer = McpServer.using(mcpServerTransport).rootsChangeConsumer(rootsUpdate -> {
+		}).sync();
+
+		// Create client without roots capability
+		var mcpClient = clientBuilder.capabilities(ClientCapabilities.builder().build()) // No
+																							// roots
+																							// capability
+			.sync();
+
+		InitializeResult initResult = mcpClient.initialize();
+		assertThat(initResult).isNotNull();
+
+		// Attempt to list roots should fail
+		assertThatThrownBy(() -> mcpServer.listRoots().roots()).isInstanceOf(McpError.class)
+			.hasMessage("Roots not supported");
+
+		mcpClient.close();
+		mcpServer.close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testRootsWithEmptyRootsList() {
+		AtomicReference<List<Root>> rootsRef = new AtomicReference<>();
+		var mcpServer = McpServer.using(mcpServerTransport)
+			.rootsChangeConsumer(rootsUpdate -> rootsRef.set(rootsUpdate))
+			.sync();
+
+		var mcpClient = clientBuilder.capabilities(ClientCapabilities.builder().roots(true).build())
+			.roots(List.of()) // Empty roots list
+			.sync();
+
+		InitializeResult initResult = mcpClient.initialize();
+		assertThat(initResult).isNotNull();
+
+		mcpClient.rootsListChangedNotification();
+
+		await().atMost(Duration.ofSeconds(5)).untilAsserted(() -> {
+			assertThat(rootsRef.get()).isEmpty();
+		});
+
+		mcpClient.close();
+		mcpServer.close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testRootsWithMultipleConsumers() {
+		List<Root> roots = List.of(new Root("uri1://", "root1"));
+
+		AtomicReference<List<Root>> rootsRef1 = new AtomicReference<>();
+		AtomicReference<List<Root>> rootsRef2 = new AtomicReference<>();
+
+		var mcpServer = McpServer.using(mcpServerTransport)
+			.rootsChangeConsumer(rootsUpdate -> rootsRef1.set(rootsUpdate))
+			.rootsChangeConsumer(rootsUpdate -> rootsRef2.set(rootsUpdate))
+			.sync();
+
+		var mcpClient = clientBuilder.capabilities(ClientCapabilities.builder().roots(true).build())
+			.roots(roots)
+			.sync();
+
+		InitializeResult initResult = mcpClient.initialize();
+		assertThat(initResult).isNotNull();
+
+		mcpClient.rootsListChangedNotification();
+
+		await().atMost(Duration.ofSeconds(5)).untilAsserted(() -> {
+			assertThat(rootsRef1.get()).containsAll(roots);
+			assertThat(rootsRef2.get()).containsAll(roots);
+		});
+
+		mcpClient.close();
+		mcpServer.close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testRootsServerCloseWithActiveSubscription() {
+		List<Root> roots = List.of(new Root("uri1://", "root1"));
+
+		AtomicReference<List<Root>> rootsRef = new AtomicReference<>();
+		var mcpServer = McpServer.using(mcpServerTransport)
+			.rootsChangeConsumer(rootsUpdate -> rootsRef.set(rootsUpdate))
+			.sync();
+
+		var mcpClient = clientBuilder.capabilities(ClientCapabilities.builder().roots(true).build())
+			.roots(roots)
+			.sync();
+
+		InitializeResult initResult = mcpClient.initialize();
+		assertThat(initResult).isNotNull();
+
+		mcpClient.rootsListChangedNotification();
+
+		await().atMost(Duration.ofSeconds(5)).untilAsserted(() -> {
+			assertThat(rootsRef.get()).containsAll(roots);
+		});
+
+		// Close server while subscription is active
+		mcpServer.close();
+
+		// Verify client can handle server closure gracefully
+		mcpClient.close();
+	}
+
 }