feat: Improve pagination support on client side (#306)

This change enhances the client API by providing both paginated access for fine-grained
control and convenience methods for retrieving complete result sets automatically.

- Implement "list all" methods that automatically handle pagination using expand/reduce operations
- Replace null parameters with McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE constant for better readability
- Add tests for both paginated and "list all" functionality
- Update method javadocs to clarify pagination behavior
- Maintain backward compatibility

Signed-off-by: Christian Tzolov <christian.tzolov@broadcom.com>

mcp-spring/mcp-spring-webflux/src/main/java/io/modelcontextprotocol/client/transport/WebClientStreamableHttpTransport.java

@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
 package io.modelcontextprotocol.client.transport;
 
-import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
-import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
-import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.DefaultMcpTransportSession;
-import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.DefaultMcpTransportStream;
-import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpClientTransport;
-import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpError;
-import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpSchema;
-import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpTransportSessionNotFoundException;
-import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpTransportSession;
-import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpTransportStream;
-import io.modelcontextprotocol.util.Assert;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
 import org.reactivestreams.Publisher;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
@@ -21,20 +17,25 @@ import org.springframework.http.codec.ServerSentEvent;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.ClientResponse;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.WebClient;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientResponseException;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+
+import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.DefaultMcpTransportSession;
+import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.DefaultMcpTransportStream;
+import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpClientTransport;
+import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpError;
+import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpSchema;
+import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpTransportSession;
+import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpTransportSessionNotFoundException;
+import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpTransportStream;
+import io.modelcontextprotocol.util.Assert;
 import reactor.core.Disposable;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
 import reactor.util.function.Tuple2;
 import reactor.util.function.Tuples;
 
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
-import java.util.function.Consumer;
-import java.util.function.Function;
-import java.util.function.Supplier;
-
 /**
  * An implementation of the Streamable HTTP protocol as defined by the
  * <code>2025-03-26</code> version of the MCP specification.

mcp-test/src/main/java/io/modelcontextprotocol/client/AbstractMcpAsyncClientResiliencyTests.java

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024-2024 the original author or authors.
+ */
 package io.modelcontextprotocol.client;
 
 import eu.rekawek.toxiproxy.Proxy;

mcp-test/src/main/java/io/modelcontextprotocol/client/AbstractMcpAsyncClientTests.java

@@ -149,13 +149,28 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpAsyncClientTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void testListToolsWithoutInitialization() {
-		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listTools(null), "listing tools");
+		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listTools(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE), "listing tools");
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void testListTools() {
 		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpAsyncClient -> {
-			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listTools(null)))
+			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listTools(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE)))
+				.consumeNextWith(result -> {
+					assertThat(result.tools()).isNotNull().isNotEmpty();
+
+					Tool firstTool = result.tools().get(0);
+					assertThat(firstTool.name()).isNotNull();
+					assertThat(firstTool.description()).isNotNull();
+				})
+				.verifyComplete();
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testListAllTools() {
+		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpAsyncClient -> {
+			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listTools()))
 				.consumeNextWith(result -> {
 					assertThat(result.tools()).isNotNull().isNotEmpty();
 
@@ -276,13 +291,33 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpAsyncClientTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void testListResourcesWithoutInitialization() {
-		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listResources(null), "listing resources");
+		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listResources(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE),
+				"listing resources");
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void testListResources() {
 		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpAsyncClient -> {
-			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listResources(null)))
+			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listResources(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE)))
+				.consumeNextWith(resources -> {
+					assertThat(resources).isNotNull().satisfies(result -> {
+						assertThat(result.resources()).isNotNull();
+
+						if (!result.resources().isEmpty()) {
+							Resource firstResource = result.resources().get(0);
+							assertThat(firstResource.uri()).isNotNull();
+							assertThat(firstResource.name()).isNotNull();
+						}
+					});
+				})
+				.verifyComplete();
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testListAllResources() {
+		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpAsyncClient -> {
+			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listResources()))
 				.consumeNextWith(resources -> {
 					assertThat(resources).isNotNull().satisfies(result -> {
 						assertThat(result.resources()).isNotNull();
@@ -307,13 +342,33 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpAsyncClientTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void testListPromptsWithoutInitialization() {
-		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listPrompts(null), "listing " + "prompts");
+		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listPrompts(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE),
+				"listing " + "prompts");
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void testListPrompts() {
 		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpAsyncClient -> {
-			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listPrompts(null)))
+			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listPrompts(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE)))
+				.consumeNextWith(prompts -> {
+					assertThat(prompts).isNotNull().satisfies(result -> {
+						assertThat(result.prompts()).isNotNull();
+
+						if (!result.prompts().isEmpty()) {
+							Prompt firstPrompt = result.prompts().get(0);
+							assertThat(firstPrompt.name()).isNotNull();
+							assertThat(firstPrompt.description()).isNotNull();
+						}
+					});
+				})
+				.verifyComplete();
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testListAllPrompts() {
+		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpAsyncClient -> {
+			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listPrompts()))
 				.consumeNextWith(prompts -> {
 					assertThat(prompts).isNotNull().satisfies(result -> {
 						assertThat(result.prompts()).isNotNull();
@@ -469,12 +524,25 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpAsyncClientTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void testListResourceTemplatesWithoutInitialization() {
-		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listResourceTemplates(),
+		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listResourceTemplates(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE),
 				"listing resource templates");
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void testListResourceTemplates() {
+		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpAsyncClient -> {
+			StepVerifier
+				.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listResourceTemplates(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE)))
+				.consumeNextWith(result -> {
+					assertThat(result).isNotNull();
+					assertThat(result.resourceTemplates()).isNotNull();
+				})
+				.verifyComplete();
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testListAllResourceTemplates() {
 		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpAsyncClient -> {
 			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listResourceTemplates()))
 				.consumeNextWith(result -> {

mcp-test/src/main/java/io/modelcontextprotocol/client/AbstractMcpSyncClientTests.java

@@ -151,14 +151,30 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpSyncClientTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void testListToolsWithoutInitialization() {
-		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listTools(null), "listing tools");
+		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listTools(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE), "listing tools");
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void testListTools() {
 		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpSyncClient -> {
 			mcpSyncClient.initialize();
-			ListToolsResult tools = mcpSyncClient.listTools(null);
+			ListToolsResult tools = mcpSyncClient.listTools(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE);
+
+			assertThat(tools).isNotNull().satisfies(result -> {
+				assertThat(result.tools()).isNotNull().isNotEmpty();
+
+				Tool firstTool = result.tools().get(0);
+				assertThat(firstTool.name()).isNotNull();
+				assertThat(firstTool.description()).isNotNull();
+			});
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testListAllTools() {
+		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpSyncClient -> {
+			mcpSyncClient.initialize();
+			ListToolsResult tools = mcpSyncClient.listTools();
 
 			assertThat(tools).isNotNull().satisfies(result -> {
 				assertThat(result.tools()).isNotNull().isNotEmpty();
@@ -308,14 +324,33 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpSyncClientTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void testListResourcesWithoutInitialization() {
-		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listResources(null), "listing resources");
+		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listResources(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE),
+				"listing resources");
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void testListResources() {
 		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpSyncClient -> {
 			mcpSyncClient.initialize();
-			ListResourcesResult resources = mcpSyncClient.listResources(null);
+			ListResourcesResult resources = mcpSyncClient.listResources(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE);
+
+			assertThat(resources).isNotNull().satisfies(result -> {
+				assertThat(result.resources()).isNotNull();
+
+				if (!result.resources().isEmpty()) {
+					Resource firstResource = result.resources().get(0);
+					assertThat(firstResource.uri()).isNotNull();
+					assertThat(firstResource.name()).isNotNull();
+				}
+			});
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testListAllResources() {
+		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpSyncClient -> {
+			mcpSyncClient.initialize();
+			ListResourcesResult resources = mcpSyncClient.listResources();
 
 			assertThat(resources).isNotNull().satisfies(result -> {
 				assertThat(result.resources()).isNotNull();
@@ -466,7 +501,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpSyncClientTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void testListResourceTemplatesWithoutInitialization() {
-		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listResourceTemplates(null),
+		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listResourceTemplates(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE),
 				"listing resource templates");
 	}
 
@@ -474,7 +509,18 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpSyncClientTests {
 	void testListResourceTemplates() {
 		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpSyncClient -> {
 			mcpSyncClient.initialize();
-			ListResourceTemplatesResult result = mcpSyncClient.listResourceTemplates(null);
+			ListResourceTemplatesResult result = mcpSyncClient.listResourceTemplates(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE);
+
+			assertThat(result).isNotNull();
+			assertThat(result.resourceTemplates()).isNotNull();
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testListAllResourceTemplates() {
+		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpSyncClient -> {
+			mcpSyncClient.initialize();
+			ListResourceTemplatesResult result = mcpSyncClient.listResourceTemplates();
 
 			assertThat(result).isNotNull();
 			assertThat(result.resourceTemplates()).isNotNull();

mcp/src/main/java/io/modelcontextprotocol/client/McpAsyncClient.java

@@ -13,7 +13,11 @@ import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
+
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpClientSession;
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpClientSession.NotificationHandler;
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpClientSession.RequestHandler;
@@ -35,8 +39,6 @@ import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpSchema.Root;
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpTransportSessionNotFoundException;
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.util.Assert;
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.util.Utils;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Sinks;
@@ -657,10 +659,18 @@ public class McpAsyncClient {
 
 	/**
 	 * Retrieves the list of all tools provided by the server.
-	 * @return A Mono that emits the list of tools result.
+	 * @return A Mono that emits the list of all tools result
 	 */
 	public Mono<McpSchema.ListToolsResult> listTools() {
-		return this.listTools(null);
+		return this.listTools(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE).expand(result -> {
+			if (result.nextCursor() != null) {
+				return this.listTools(result.nextCursor());
+			}
+			return Mono.empty();
+		}).reduce(new McpSchema.ListToolsResult(new ArrayList<>(), null), (allToolsResult, result) -> {
+			allToolsResult.tools().addAll(result.tools());
+			return allToolsResult;
+		});
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -709,12 +719,20 @@ public class McpAsyncClient {
 	 * Retrieves the list of all resources provided by the server. Resources represent any
 	 * kind of UTF-8 encoded data that an MCP server makes available to clients, such as
 	 * database records, API responses, log files, and more.
-	 * @return A Mono that completes with the list of resources result.
+	 * @return A Mono that completes with the list of all resources result
 	 * @see McpSchema.ListResourcesResult
 	 * @see #readResource(McpSchema.Resource)
 	 */
 	public Mono<McpSchema.ListResourcesResult> listResources() {
-		return this.listResources(null);
+		return this.listResources(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE).expand(result -> {
+			if (result.nextCursor() != null) {
+				return this.listResources(result.nextCursor());
+			}
+			return Mono.empty();
+		}).reduce(new McpSchema.ListResourcesResult(new ArrayList<>(), null), (allResourcesResult, result) -> {
+			allResourcesResult.resources().addAll(result.resources());
+			return allResourcesResult;
+		});
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -772,11 +790,21 @@ public class McpAsyncClient {
 	 * Retrieves the list of all resource templates provided by the server. Resource
 	 * templates allow servers to expose parameterized resources using URI templates,
 	 * enabling dynamic resource access based on variable parameters.
-	 * @return A Mono that completes with the list of resource templates result.
+	 * @return A Mono that completes with the list of all resource templates result
 	 * @see McpSchema.ListResourceTemplatesResult
 	 */
 	public Mono<McpSchema.ListResourceTemplatesResult> listResourceTemplates() {
-		return this.listResourceTemplates(null);
+		return this.listResourceTemplates(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE).expand(result -> {
+			if (result.nextCursor() != null) {
+				return this.listResourceTemplates(result.nextCursor());
+			}
+			return Mono.empty();
+		})
+			.reduce(new McpSchema.ListResourceTemplatesResult(new ArrayList<>(), null),
+					(allResourceTemplatesResult, result) -> {
+						allResourceTemplatesResult.resourceTemplates().addAll(result.resourceTemplates());
+						return allResourceTemplatesResult;
+					});
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -848,12 +876,20 @@ public class McpAsyncClient {
 
 	/**
 	 * Retrieves the list of all prompts provided by the server.
-	 * @return A Mono that completes with the list of prompts result.
+	 * @return A Mono that completes with the list of all prompts result.
 	 * @see McpSchema.ListPromptsResult
 	 * @see #getPrompt(GetPromptRequest)
 	 */
 	public Mono<ListPromptsResult> listPrompts() {
-		return this.listPrompts(null);
+		return this.listPrompts(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE).expand(result -> {
+			if (result.nextCursor() != null) {
+				return this.listPrompts(result.nextCursor());
+			}
+			return Mono.empty();
+		}).reduce(new ListPromptsResult(new ArrayList<>(), null), (allPromptsResult, result) -> {
+			allPromptsResult.prompts().addAll(result.prompts());
+			return allPromptsResult;
+		});
 	}
 
 	/**

mcp/src/main/java/io/modelcontextprotocol/client/McpSyncClient.java

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@
 package io.modelcontextprotocol.client;
 
 import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpSchema;
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpSchema.ClientCapabilities;
@@ -12,8 +16,6 @@ import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpSchema.GetPromptRequest;
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpSchema.GetPromptResult;
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpSchema.ListPromptsResult;
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.util.Assert;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 /**
  * A synchronous client implementation for the Model Context Protocol (MCP) that wraps an
@@ -220,8 +222,8 @@ public class McpSyncClient implements AutoCloseable {
 
 	/**
 	 * Retrieves the list of all tools provided by the server.
-	 * @return The list of tools result containing: - tools: List of available tools, each
-	 * with a name, description, and input schema - nextCursor: Optional cursor for
+	 * @return The list of all tools result containing: - tools: List of available tools,
+	 * each with a name, description, and input schema - nextCursor: Optional cursor for
 	 * pagination if more tools are available
 	 */
 	public McpSchema.ListToolsResult listTools() {
@@ -244,22 +246,22 @@ public class McpSyncClient implements AutoCloseable {
 	// --------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Send a resources/list request.
-	 * @param cursor the cursor
-	 * @return the list of resources result.
-	 */
-	public McpSchema.ListResourcesResult listResources(String cursor) {
-		return this.delegate.listResources(cursor).block();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Send a resources/list request.
-	 * @return the list of resources result.
+	 * Retrieves the list of all resources provided by the server.
+	 * @return The list of all resources result
 	 */
 	public McpSchema.ListResourcesResult listResources() {
 		return this.delegate.listResources().block();
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves a paginated list of resources provided by the server.
+	 * @param cursor Optional pagination cursor from a previous list request
+	 * @return The list of resources result
+	 */
+	public McpSchema.ListResourcesResult listResources(String cursor) {
+		return this.delegate.listResources(cursor).block();
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Send a resources/read request.
 	 * @param resource the resource to read
@@ -279,25 +281,25 @@ public class McpSyncClient implements AutoCloseable {
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Resource templates allow servers to expose parameterized resources using URI
-	 * templates. Arguments may be auto-completed through the completion API.
-	 *
-	 * Request a list of resource templates the server has.
-	 * @param cursor the cursor
-	 * @return the list of resource templates result.
-	 */
-	public McpSchema.ListResourceTemplatesResult listResourceTemplates(String cursor) {
-		return this.delegate.listResourceTemplates(cursor).block();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Request a list of resource templates the server has.
-	 * @return the list of resource templates result.
+	 * Retrieves the list of all resource templates provided by the server.
+	 * @return The list of all resource templates result.
 	 */
 	public McpSchema.ListResourceTemplatesResult listResourceTemplates() {
 		return this.delegate.listResourceTemplates().block();
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Resource templates allow servers to expose parameterized resources using URI
+	 * templates. Arguments may be auto-completed through the completion API.
+	 *
+	 * Retrieves a paginated list of resource templates provided by the server.
+	 * @param cursor Optional pagination cursor from a previous list request
+	 * @return The list of resource templates result.
+	 */
+	public McpSchema.ListResourceTemplatesResult listResourceTemplates(String cursor) {
+		return this.delegate.listResourceTemplates(cursor).block();
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Subscriptions. The protocol supports optional subscriptions to resource changes.
 	 * Clients can subscribe to specific resources and receive notifications when they
@@ -323,14 +325,24 @@ public class McpSyncClient implements AutoCloseable {
 	// --------------------------
 	// Prompts
 	// --------------------------
-	public ListPromptsResult listPrompts(String cursor) {
-		return this.delegate.listPrompts(cursor).block();
-	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves the list of all prompts provided by the server.
+	 * @return The list of all prompts result.
+	 */
 	public ListPromptsResult listPrompts() {
 		return this.delegate.listPrompts().block();
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves a paginated list of prompts provided by the server.
+	 * @param cursor Optional pagination cursor from a previous list request
+	 * @return The list of prompts result.
+	 */
+	public ListPromptsResult listPrompts(String cursor) {
+		return this.delegate.listPrompts(cursor).block();
+	}
+
 	public GetPromptResult getPrompt(GetPromptRequest getPromptRequest) {
 		return this.delegate.getPrompt(getPromptRequest).block();
 	}

mcp/src/main/java/io/modelcontextprotocol/spec/McpSchema.java

@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ public final class McpSchema {
 
 	public static final String JSONRPC_VERSION = "2.0";
 
+	public static final String FIRST_PAGE = null;
+
 	// ---------------------------
 	// Method Names
 	// ---------------------------

mcp/src/test/java/io/modelcontextprotocol/client/AbstractMcpAsyncClientTests.java

@@ -150,13 +150,28 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpAsyncClientTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void testListToolsWithoutInitialization() {
-		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listTools(null), "listing tools");
+		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listTools(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE), "listing tools");
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void testListTools() {
 		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpAsyncClient -> {
-			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listTools(null)))
+			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listTools(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE)))
+				.consumeNextWith(result -> {
+					assertThat(result.tools()).isNotNull().isNotEmpty();
+
+					Tool firstTool = result.tools().get(0);
+					assertThat(firstTool.name()).isNotNull();
+					assertThat(firstTool.description()).isNotNull();
+				})
+				.verifyComplete();
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testListAllTools() {
+		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpAsyncClient -> {
+			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listTools()))
 				.consumeNextWith(result -> {
 					assertThat(result.tools()).isNotNull().isNotEmpty();
 
@@ -277,13 +292,33 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpAsyncClientTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void testListResourcesWithoutInitialization() {
-		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listResources(null), "listing resources");
+		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listResources(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE),
+				"listing resources");
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void testListResources() {
 		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpAsyncClient -> {
-			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listResources(null)))
+			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listResources(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE)))
+				.consumeNextWith(resources -> {
+					assertThat(resources).isNotNull().satisfies(result -> {
+						assertThat(result.resources()).isNotNull();
+
+						if (!result.resources().isEmpty()) {
+							Resource firstResource = result.resources().get(0);
+							assertThat(firstResource.uri()).isNotNull();
+							assertThat(firstResource.name()).isNotNull();
+						}
+					});
+				})
+				.verifyComplete();
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testListAllResources() {
+		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpAsyncClient -> {
+			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listResources()))
 				.consumeNextWith(resources -> {
 					assertThat(resources).isNotNull().satisfies(result -> {
 						assertThat(result.resources()).isNotNull();
@@ -308,13 +343,33 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpAsyncClientTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void testListPromptsWithoutInitialization() {
-		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listPrompts(null), "listing " + "prompts");
+		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listPrompts(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE),
+				"listing " + "prompts");
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void testListPrompts() {
 		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpAsyncClient -> {
-			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listPrompts(null)))
+			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listPrompts(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE)))
+				.consumeNextWith(prompts -> {
+					assertThat(prompts).isNotNull().satisfies(result -> {
+						assertThat(result.prompts()).isNotNull();
+
+						if (!result.prompts().isEmpty()) {
+							Prompt firstPrompt = result.prompts().get(0);
+							assertThat(firstPrompt.name()).isNotNull();
+							assertThat(firstPrompt.description()).isNotNull();
+						}
+					});
+				})
+				.verifyComplete();
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testListAllPrompts() {
+		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpAsyncClient -> {
+			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listPrompts()))
 				.consumeNextWith(prompts -> {
 					assertThat(prompts).isNotNull().satisfies(result -> {
 						assertThat(result.prompts()).isNotNull();
@@ -470,12 +525,25 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpAsyncClientTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void testListResourceTemplatesWithoutInitialization() {
-		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listResourceTemplates(),
+		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listResourceTemplates(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE),
 				"listing resource templates");
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void testListResourceTemplates() {
+		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpAsyncClient -> {
+			StepVerifier
+				.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listResourceTemplates(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE)))
+				.consumeNextWith(result -> {
+					assertThat(result).isNotNull();
+					assertThat(result.resourceTemplates()).isNotNull();
+				})
+				.verifyComplete();
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testListAllResourceTemplates() {
 		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpAsyncClient -> {
 			StepVerifier.create(mcpAsyncClient.initialize().then(mcpAsyncClient.listResourceTemplates()))
 				.consumeNextWith(result -> {
@@ -579,6 +647,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpAsyncClientTests {
 	// ---------------------------------------
 	// Logging Tests
 	// ---------------------------------------
+
 	@Test
 	void testLoggingLevelsWithoutInitialization() {
 		verifyNotificationSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(

mcp/src/test/java/io/modelcontextprotocol/client/AbstractMcpSyncClientTests.java

@@ -152,14 +152,30 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpSyncClientTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void testListToolsWithoutInitialization() {
-		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listTools(null), "listing tools");
+		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listTools(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE), "listing tools");
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void testListTools() {
 		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpSyncClient -> {
 			mcpSyncClient.initialize();
-			ListToolsResult tools = mcpSyncClient.listTools(null);
+			ListToolsResult tools = mcpSyncClient.listTools(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE);
+
+			assertThat(tools).isNotNull().satisfies(result -> {
+				assertThat(result.tools()).isNotNull().isNotEmpty();
+
+				Tool firstTool = result.tools().get(0);
+				assertThat(firstTool.name()).isNotNull();
+				assertThat(firstTool.description()).isNotNull();
+			});
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testListAllTools() {
+		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpSyncClient -> {
+			mcpSyncClient.initialize();
+			ListToolsResult tools = mcpSyncClient.listTools();
 
 			assertThat(tools).isNotNull().satisfies(result -> {
 				assertThat(result.tools()).isNotNull().isNotEmpty();
@@ -309,14 +325,33 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpSyncClientTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void testListResourcesWithoutInitialization() {
-		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listResources(null), "listing resources");
+		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listResources(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE),
+				"listing resources");
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void testListResources() {
 		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpSyncClient -> {
 			mcpSyncClient.initialize();
-			ListResourcesResult resources = mcpSyncClient.listResources(null);
+			ListResourcesResult resources = mcpSyncClient.listResources(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE);
+
+			assertThat(resources).isNotNull().satisfies(result -> {
+				assertThat(result.resources()).isNotNull();
+
+				if (!result.resources().isEmpty()) {
+					Resource firstResource = result.resources().get(0);
+					assertThat(firstResource.uri()).isNotNull();
+					assertThat(firstResource.name()).isNotNull();
+				}
+			});
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testListAllResources() {
+		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpSyncClient -> {
+			mcpSyncClient.initialize();
+			ListResourcesResult resources = mcpSyncClient.listResources();
 
 			assertThat(resources).isNotNull().satisfies(result -> {
 				assertThat(result.resources()).isNotNull();
@@ -467,7 +502,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpSyncClientTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void testListResourceTemplatesWithoutInitialization() {
-		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listResourceTemplates(null),
+		verifyCallSucceedsWithImplicitInitialization(client -> client.listResourceTemplates(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE),
 				"listing resource templates");
 	}
 
@@ -475,7 +510,18 @@ public abstract class AbstractMcpSyncClientTests {
 	void testListResourceTemplates() {
 		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpSyncClient -> {
 			mcpSyncClient.initialize();
-			ListResourceTemplatesResult result = mcpSyncClient.listResourceTemplates(null);
+			ListResourceTemplatesResult result = mcpSyncClient.listResourceTemplates(McpSchema.FIRST_PAGE);
+
+			assertThat(result).isNotNull();
+			assertThat(result.resourceTemplates()).isNotNull();
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void testListAllResourceTemplates() {
+		withClient(createMcpTransport(), mcpSyncClient -> {
+			mcpSyncClient.initialize();
+			ListResourceTemplatesResult result = mcpSyncClient.listResourceTemplates();
 
 			assertThat(result).isNotNull();
 			assertThat(result.resourceTemplates()).isNotNull();

mcp/src/test/java/io/modelcontextprotocol/client/McpAsyncClientResponseHandlerTests.java

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpError;
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpSchema;
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpSchema.ClientCapabilities;
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpSchema.InitializeResult;
+import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpSchema.PaginatedRequest;
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.spec.McpSchema.Root;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
@@ -109,27 +110,52 @@ class McpAsyncClientResponseHandlerTests {
 
 		// Create a mock tools list that the server will return
 		Map<String, Object> inputSchema = Map.of("type", "object", "properties", Map.of(), "required", List.of());
-		McpSchema.Tool mockTool = new McpSchema.Tool("test-tool", "Test Tool Description",
+		McpSchema.Tool mockTool = new McpSchema.Tool("test-tool-1", "Test Tool 1 Description",
 				new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(inputSchema));
-		McpSchema.ListToolsResult mockToolsResult = new McpSchema.ListToolsResult(List.of(mockTool), null);
+
+		// Create page 1 response with nextPageToken
+		String nextPageToken = "page2Token";
+		McpSchema.ListToolsResult mockToolsResult1 = new McpSchema.ListToolsResult(List.of(mockTool), nextPageToken);
 
 		// Simulate server sending tools/list_changed notification
 		McpSchema.JSONRPCNotification notification = new McpSchema.JSONRPCNotification(McpSchema.JSONRPC_VERSION,
 				McpSchema.METHOD_NOTIFICATION_TOOLS_LIST_CHANGED, null);
 		transport.simulateIncomingMessage(notification);
 
-		// Simulate server response to tools/list request
-		McpSchema.JSONRPCRequest toolsListRequest = transport.getLastSentMessageAsRequest();
-		assertThat(toolsListRequest.method()).isEqualTo(McpSchema.METHOD_TOOLS_LIST);
+		// Simulate server response to first tools/list request
+		McpSchema.JSONRPCRequest toolsListRequest1 = transport.getLastSentMessageAsRequest();
+		assertThat(toolsListRequest1.method()).isEqualTo(McpSchema.METHOD_TOOLS_LIST);
 
-		McpSchema.JSONRPCResponse toolsListResponse = new McpSchema.JSONRPCResponse(McpSchema.JSONRPC_VERSION,
-				toolsListRequest.id(), mockToolsResult, null);
-		transport.simulateIncomingMessage(toolsListResponse);
+		McpSchema.JSONRPCResponse toolsListResponse1 = new McpSchema.JSONRPCResponse(McpSchema.JSONRPC_VERSION,
+				toolsListRequest1.id(), mockToolsResult1, null);
+		transport.simulateIncomingMessage(toolsListResponse1);
 
-		// Verify the consumer received the expected tools
-		assertThat(receivedTools).hasSize(1);
-		assertThat(receivedTools.get(0).name()).isEqualTo("test-tool");
-		assertThat(receivedTools.get(0).description()).isEqualTo("Test Tool Description");
+		// Create mock tools for page 2
+		McpSchema.Tool mockTool2 = new McpSchema.Tool("test-tool-2", "Test Tool 2 Description",
+				new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(inputSchema));
+
+		// Create page 2 response with no nextPageToken (last page)
+		McpSchema.ListToolsResult mockToolsResult2 = new McpSchema.ListToolsResult(List.of(mockTool2), null);
+
+		// Simulate server response to second tools/list request with page token
+		McpSchema.JSONRPCRequest toolsListRequest2 = transport.getLastSentMessageAsRequest();
+		assertThat(toolsListRequest2.method()).isEqualTo(McpSchema.METHOD_TOOLS_LIST);
+
+		// Verify the page token was included in the request
+		PaginatedRequest params = (PaginatedRequest) toolsListRequest2.params();
+		assertThat(params).isNotNull();
+		assertThat(params.cursor()).isEqualTo(nextPageToken);
+
+		McpSchema.JSONRPCResponse toolsListResponse2 = new McpSchema.JSONRPCResponse(McpSchema.JSONRPC_VERSION,
+				toolsListRequest2.id(), mockToolsResult2, null);
+		transport.simulateIncomingMessage(toolsListResponse2);
+
+		// Verify the consumer received all expected tools from both pages
+		assertThat(receivedTools).hasSize(2);
+		assertThat(receivedTools.get(0).name()).isEqualTo("test-tool-1");
+		assertThat(receivedTools.get(0).description()).isEqualTo("Test Tool 1 Description");
+		assertThat(receivedTools.get(1).name()).isEqualTo("test-tool-2");
+		assertThat(receivedTools.get(1).description()).isEqualTo("Test Tool 2 Description");
 
 		asyncMcpClient.closeGracefully();
 	}