ci: integrate Detekt static analysis tool (#493)

- Add Detekt configuration (`detekt.yml`) with custom rules
- Apply Detekt plugin to all subprojects
- Configure Detekt tasks in Gradle workflow
- Update Gradle dependency versions to include Detekt plugin

## Motivation and Context
Enhance static code analysis for improved code quality.

## Breaking Changes

No

## Types of changes

- [x] CI update
- [ ] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
- [ ] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
- [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing
functionality to change)
- [ ] Documentation update

## Checklist
<!-- Go over all the following points, and put an `x` in all the boxes
that apply. -->
- [x] I have read the [MCP
Documentation](https://modelcontextprotocol.io)
- [x] My code follows the repository's style guidelines
- [x] New and existing tests pass locally
- [ ] I have added appropriate error handling
- [ ] I have added or updated documentation as needed

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ jobs:
             :kotlin-sdk:compileKotlinJvm \
             :integration-test:compileKotlinJvm \
             :conformance-test:testClasses \
+            detekt \
             -Pkotlin.incremental=false \
             --no-daemon --stacktrace --rerun-tasks