Better exception handling in StdioClientTransport (#444)

# Better exception handling in StdioClientTransport

Refactor `McpException` for improved handling with convenience
constructors and enhanced exception wrapping logic in
`StdioClientTransport`. Update tests to use `kotest` matchers and add
JUnit parameterized tests for exception handling.

## Motivation and Context
#442 follow up 

## How Has This Been Tested?
<!-- Have you tested this in a real application? Which scenarios were
tested? -->

## Breaking Changes
<!-- Will users need to update their code or configurations? -->

## Types of changes
<!-- What types of changes does your code introduce? Put an `x` in all
the boxes that apply: -->
- [x] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
- [ ] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
- [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing
functionality to change)
- [ ] Documentation update

## Checklist
<!-- Go over all the following points, and put an `x` in all the boxes
that apply. -->
- [ ] I have read the [MCP
Documentation](https://modelcontextprotocol.io)
- [ ] My code follows the repository's style guidelines
- [ ] New and existing tests pass locally
- [ ] I have added appropriate error handling
- [ ] I have added or updated documentation as needed

## Additional context
<!-- Add any other context, implementation notes, or design decisions
-->

kotlin-sdk-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/types/McpException.kt

@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
 package io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.types
 
 import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonElement
+import kotlin.jvm.JvmOverloads
 
 /**
  * Represents an error specific to the MCP protocol.
  *
- * @property code The error code.
- * @property message The error message.
- * @property data Additional error data as a JSON object.
+ * @property code The MCP/JSON‑RPC error code.
+ * @property data Optional additional error payload as a JSON element; `null` when not provided.
+ * @param message The error message.
+ * @param cause The original cause.
  */
-public class McpException(public val code: Int, message: String, public val data: JsonElement? = null) : Exception() {
-    override val message: String = "MCP error $code: $message"
-}
+public class McpException @JvmOverloads public constructor(
+    public val code: Int,
+    message: String,
+    public val data: JsonElement? = null,
+    cause: Throwable? = null,
+) : Exception("MCP error $code: $message", cause)