Add experimental mcpClient(...) factory method (#396)

- Introduced `@ExperimentalMcpApi` annotation to mark experimental APIs.
- Added `mcpClient` function for initializing and connecting MCP
clients.
- Modified tests to utilize the new `mcpClient` function.
- Refactored variable naming in transport tests for improved
readability.

## Motivation and Context
To improve the creation of the MCP Client experience.

## How Has This Been Tested?
Integration test updated

## Breaking Changes
No

## Types of changes
<!-- What types of changes does your code introduce? Put an `x` in all
the boxes that apply: -->
- [ ] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
- [x] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
- [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing
functionality to change)
- [ ] Documentation update

## Checklist
<!-- Go over all the following points, and put an `x` in all the boxes
that apply. -->
- [x] I have read the [MCP
Documentation](https://modelcontextprotocol.io)
- [x] My code follows the repository's style guidelines
- [x] New and existing tests pass locally
- [ ] I have added appropriate error handling
- [ ] I have added or updated documentation as needed

## Additional context
<!-- Add any other context, implementation notes, or design decisions
-->

kotlin-sdk-client/api/kotlin-sdk-client.api

@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ public class io/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/client/Client : io/modelcontextp
 	public static synthetic fun unsubscribeResource$default (Lio/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/client/Client;Lio/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/types/UnsubscribeRequest;Lio/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/shared/RequestOptions;Lkotlin/coroutines/Continuation;ILjava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;
 }
 
+public final class io/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/client/ClientKt {
+	public static final fun mcpClient (Lio/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/types/Implementation;Lio/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/client/ClientOptions;Lio/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/shared/Transport;Lkotlin/coroutines/Continuation;)Ljava/lang/Object;
+	public static synthetic fun mcpClient$default (Lio/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/types/Implementation;Lio/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/client/ClientOptions;Lio/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/shared/Transport;Lkotlin/coroutines/Continuation;ILjava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;
+}
+
 public final class io/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/client/ClientOptions : io/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/shared/ProtocolOptions {
 	public fun <init> ()V
 	public fun <init> (Lio/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/types/ClientCapabilities;Z)V

kotlin-sdk-client/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/client/Client.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.client
 
 import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
+import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.ExperimentalMcpApi
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.shared.Protocol
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.shared.ProtocolOptions
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.shared.RequestOptions
@@ -69,6 +70,30 @@ public class ClientOptions(
     enforceStrictCapabilities: Boolean = true,
 ) : ProtocolOptions(enforceStrictCapabilities = enforceStrictCapabilities)
 
+/**
+ * Initializes and connects an MCP client using the provided clientInfo [Implementation], client options,
+ * and transport mechanism.
+ *
+ * @param clientInfo The implementation details of the MCP client, including its name, version, and other metadata.
+ * @param clientOptions Optional client configuration settings, such as supported capabilities
+ *      and strict enforcement options. Defaults to a new instance of [ClientOptions].
+ * @param transport The transport mechanism used for communication.
+ * @return An instance of [Client] that is connected and ready for use with the specified transport.
+ */
+@ExperimentalMcpApi
+public suspend fun mcpClient(
+    clientInfo: Implementation,
+    clientOptions: ClientOptions = ClientOptions(),
+    transport: Transport,
+): Client {
+    val client = Client(
+        clientInfo = clientInfo,
+        options = clientOptions,
+    )
+    client.connect(transport)
+    return client
+}
+
 /**
  * An MCP client on top of a pluggable transport.
  *

kotlin-sdk-core/api/kotlin-sdk-core.api

@@ -130,6 +130,9 @@ public final class io/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/ErrorCode$Unknown$Companio
 	public final fun serializer ()Lkotlinx/serialization/KSerializer;
 }
 
+public abstract interface annotation class io/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/ExperimentalMcpApi : java/lang/annotation/Annotation {
+}
+
 public final class io/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/InitializedNotification {
 	public static final field INSTANCE Lio/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/InitializedNotification;
 	public final fun Params (Lkotlinx/serialization/json/JsonObject;)Lio/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/types/BaseNotificationParams;

kotlin-sdk-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/ExperimentalMcpApi.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk
+
+import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationTarget.ANNOTATION_CLASS
+import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationTarget.CLASS
+import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationTarget.CONSTRUCTOR
+import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationTarget.FIELD
+import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationTarget.FUNCTION
+import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationTarget.LOCAL_VARIABLE
+import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationTarget.PROPERTY
+import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationTarget.PROPERTY_GETTER
+import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationTarget.PROPERTY_SETTER
+import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationTarget.TYPEALIAS
+import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationTarget.VALUE_PARAMETER
+
+/**
+ * Annotation marking an API as experimental and subject to changes or removal in the future.
+ *
+ * This annotation is used to signal that a particular element, such as a class, function, or property,
+ * is part of an experimental API. Such APIs may not be stable, and their usage requires opting in
+ * explicitly.
+ *
+ * Users of the annotated API must explicitly accept the opt-in requirement to ensure they are aware
+ * of the potential instability or unfinished nature of the API.
+ *
+ * Targets that can be annotated include:
+ * - Classes
+ * - Annotation classes
+ * - Properties
+ * - Fields
+ * - Local variables
+ * - Value parameters
+ * - Constructors
+ * - Functions
+ * - Property getters
+ * - Property setters
+ * - Type aliases
+ */
+@RequiresOptIn
+@MustBeDocumented
+@Target(
+    CLASS,
+    ANNOTATION_CLASS,
+    PROPERTY,
+    FIELD,
+    LOCAL_VARIABLE,
+    VALUE_PARAMETER,
+    CONSTRUCTOR,
+    FUNCTION,
+    PROPERTY_GETTER,
+    PROPERTY_SETTER,
+    TYPEALIAS,
+)
+@Retention(AnnotationRetention.BINARY)
+public annotation class ExperimentalMcpApi

kotlin-sdk-test/src/jvmTest/kotlin/io/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/client/StdioClientTransportTest.kt

@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ class StdioClientTransportTest : BaseTransportTest() {
         val input = process.inputStream.asSource().buffered()
         val output = process.outputStream.asSink().buffered()
 
-        val client = StdioClientTransport(
+        val transport = StdioClientTransport(
             input = input,
             output = output,
         )
 
-        testTransportOpenClose(client)
+        testTransportOpenClose(transport)
 
         process.destroy()
     }
@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@ class StdioClientTransportTest : BaseTransportTest() {
         val input = process.inputStream.asSource().buffered()
         val output = process.outputStream.asSink().buffered()
 
-        val client = StdioClientTransport(
+        val transport = StdioClientTransport(
             input = input,
             output = output,
         )
 
-        testTransportRead(client)
+        testTransportRead(transport)
 
         process.waitFor()
         process.destroy()
@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ class StdioClientTransportTest : BaseTransportTest() {
         val input = process.inputStream.asSource().buffered()
         val output = process.outputStream.asSink().buffered()
 
-        val client = StdioClientTransport(
+        val transport = StdioClientTransport(
             input = input,
             output = output,
         )
 
-        testTransportRead(client)
+        testTransportRead(transport)
 
         process.waitFor()
         process.destroy()

kotlin-sdk-test/src/jvmTest/kotlin/io/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/server/ServerInstructionsTest.kt

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 package io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.server
 
+import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.ExperimentalMcpApi
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.Implementation
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.ServerCapabilities
-import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.client.Client
+import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.client.ClientOptions
+import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.client.mcpClient
 import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.shared.InMemoryTransport
+import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.types.ClientCapabilities
 import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.assertNull
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 
+@OptIn(ExperimentalMcpApi::class)
 class ServerInstructionsTest {
 
     @Test
@@ -22,10 +26,17 @@ class ServerInstructionsTest {
         // The instructions should be stored internally and used in handleInitialize
         // We can't directly access the private field, but we can test it through initialization
         val (clientTransport, serverTransport) = InMemoryTransport.createLinkedPair()
-        val client = Client(clientInfo = Implementation(name = "test client", version = "1.0"))
-
         server.createSession(serverTransport)
-        client.connect(clientTransport)
+
+        val client = mcpClient(
+            clientInfo = Implementation(name = "test client", version = "1.0"),
+            clientOptions = ClientOptions(
+                capabilities = ClientCapabilities(
+                    roots = ClientCapabilities.Roots(listChanged = false),
+                ),
+            ),
+            transport = clientTransport,
+        )
 
         assertEquals(instructions, client.serverInstructions)
     }
@@ -41,10 +52,12 @@ class ServerInstructionsTest {
         // The instructions should be stored internally and used in handleInitialize
         // We can't directly access the private field, but we can test it through initialization
         val (clientTransport, serverTransport) = InMemoryTransport.createLinkedPair()
-        val client = Client(clientInfo = Implementation(name = "test client", version = "1.0"))
-
         server.createSession(serverTransport)
-        client.connect(clientTransport)
+
+        val client = mcpClient(
+            clientInfo = Implementation(name = "test client", version = "1.0"),
+            transport = clientTransport,
+        )
 
         assertEquals(instructions, client.serverInstructions)
     }
@@ -58,10 +71,13 @@ class ServerInstructionsTest {
         val server = Server(serverInfo, serverOptions)
 
         val (clientTransport, serverTransport) = InMemoryTransport.createLinkedPair()
-        val client = Client(clientInfo = Implementation(name = "test client", version = "1.0"))
 
         server.createSession(serverTransport)
-        client.connect(clientTransport)
+
+        val client = mcpClient(
+            clientInfo = Implementation(name = "test client", version = "1.0"),
+            transport = clientTransport,
+        )
 
         assertNull(client.serverInstructions)
     }