Fix streamable http sampling (#693)

src/mcp/cli/claude.py

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ def get_claude_config_path() -> Path | None:
         return path
     return None
 
+
 def get_uv_path() -> str:
     """Get the full path to the uv executable."""
     uv_path = shutil.which("uv")
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ def get_uv_path() -> str:
         return "uv"  # Fall back to just "uv" if not found
     return uv_path
 
+
 def update_claude_config(
     file_spec: str,
     server_name: str,

src/mcp/client/streamable_http.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from typing import Any
 
 import anyio
 import httpx
+from anyio.abc import TaskGroup
 from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
 from httpx_sse import EventSource, ServerSentEvent, aconnect_sse
 
@@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ class StreamableHTTPTransport:
                     break
 
     async def _handle_post_request(self, ctx: RequestContext) -> None:
-        """Handle a  POST request with response processing."""
+        """Handle a POST request with response processing."""
         headers = self._update_headers_with_session(ctx.headers)
         message = ctx.session_message.message
         is_initialization = self._is_initialization_request(message)
@@ -300,7 +301,7 @@ class StreamableHTTPTransport:
         try:
             event_source = EventSource(response)
             async for sse in event_source.aiter_sse():
-                await self._handle_sse_event(
+                is_complete = await self._handle_sse_event(
                     sse,
                     ctx.read_stream_writer,
                     resumption_callback=(
@@ -309,6 +310,10 @@ class StreamableHTTPTransport:
                         else None
                     ),
                 )
+                # If the SSE event indicates completion, like returning respose/error
+                # break the loop
+                if is_complete:
+                    break
         except Exception as e:
             logger.exception("Error reading SSE stream:")
             await ctx.read_stream_writer.send(e)
@@ -344,6 +349,7 @@ class StreamableHTTPTransport:
         read_stream_writer: StreamWriter,
         write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[SessionMessage],
         start_get_stream: Callable[[], None],
+        tg: TaskGroup,
     ) -> None:
         """Handle writing requests to the server."""
         try:
@@ -375,10 +381,17 @@ class StreamableHTTPTransport:
                         sse_read_timeout=self.sse_read_timeout,
                     )
 
-                    if is_resumption:
+                    async def handle_request_async():
-                        await self._handle_resumption_request(ctx)
+                        if is_resumption:
+                            await self._handle_resumption_request(ctx)
+                        else:
+                            await self._handle_post_request(ctx)
+
+                    # If this is a request, start a new task to handle it
+                    if isinstance(message.root, JSONRPCRequest):
+                        tg.start_soon(handle_request_async)
                     else:
-                        await self._handle_post_request(ctx)
+                        await handle_request_async()
 
         except Exception as exc:
             logger.error(f"Error in post_writer: {exc}")
@@ -466,6 +479,7 @@ async def streamablehttp_client(
                     read_stream_writer,
                     write_stream,
                     start_get_stream,
+                    tg,
                 )
 
                 try:

src/mcp/server/session.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ from pydantic import AnyUrl
 
 import mcp.types as types
 from mcp.server.models import InitializationOptions
-from mcp.shared.message import SessionMessage
+from mcp.shared.message import ServerMessageMetadata, SessionMessage
 from mcp.shared.session import (
     BaseSession,
     RequestResponder,
@@ -230,10 +230,11 @@ class ServerSession(
         stop_sequences: list[str] | None = None,
         metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         model_preferences: types.ModelPreferences | None = None,
+        related_request_id: types.RequestId | None = None,
     ) -> types.CreateMessageResult:
         """Send a sampling/create_message request."""
         return await self.send_request(
-            types.ServerRequest(
+            request=types.ServerRequest(
                 types.CreateMessageRequest(
                     method="sampling/createMessage",
                     params=types.CreateMessageRequestParams(
@@ -248,7 +249,10 @@ class ServerSession(
                     ),
                 )
             ),
-            types.CreateMessageResult,
+            result_type=types.CreateMessageResult,
+            metadata=ServerMessageMetadata(
+                related_request_id=related_request_id,
+            ),
         )
 
     async def list_roots(self) -> types.ListRootsResult:

src/mcp/server/streamable_http.py

@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ from mcp.types import (
     ErrorData,
     JSONRPCError,
     JSONRPCMessage,
-    JSONRPCNotification,
     JSONRPCRequest,
     JSONRPCResponse,
     RequestId,
@@ -849,9 +848,15 @@ class StreamableHTTPServerTransport:
                         # Determine which request stream(s) should receive this message
                         message = session_message.message
                         target_request_id = None
-                        if isinstance(
+                        # Check if this is a response
-                            message.root, JSONRPCNotification | JSONRPCRequest
+                        if isinstance(message.root, JSONRPCResponse | JSONRPCError):
-                        ):
+                            response_id = str(message.root.id)
+                            # If this response is for an existing request stream,
+                            # send it there
+                            if response_id in self._request_streams:
+                                target_request_id = response_id
+
+                        else:
                             # Extract related_request_id from meta if it exists
                             if (
                                 session_message.metadata is not None
@@ -865,10 +870,12 @@ class StreamableHTTPServerTransport:
                                 target_request_id = str(
                                     session_message.metadata.related_request_id
                                 )
-                        else:
-                            target_request_id = str(message.root.id)
 
-                        request_stream_id = target_request_id or GET_STREAM_KEY
+                        request_stream_id = (
+                            target_request_id
+                            if target_request_id is not None
+                            else GET_STREAM_KEY
+                        )
 
                         # Store the event if we have an event store,
                         # regardless of whether a client is connected

src/mcp/shared/session.py

@@ -223,7 +223,6 @@ class BaseSession(
         Do not use this method to emit notifications! Use send_notification()
         instead.
         """
-
         request_id = self._request_id
         self._request_id = request_id + 1
 

tests/shared/test_streamable_http.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import multiprocessing
 import socket
 import time
 from collections.abc import Generator
+from typing import Any
 
 import anyio
 import httpx
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ from mcp.server.streamable_http import (
     StreamId,
 )
 from mcp.server.streamable_http_manager import StreamableHTTPSessionManager
+from mcp.shared.context import RequestContext
 from mcp.shared.exceptions import McpError
 from mcp.shared.message import (
     ClientMessageMetadata,
@@ -139,6 +141,11 @@ class ServerTest(Server):
                     description="A long-running tool that sends periodic notifications",
                     inputSchema={"type": "object", "properties": {}},
                 ),
+                Tool(
+                    name="test_sampling_tool",
+                    description="A tool that triggers server-side sampling",
+                    inputSchema={"type": "object", "properties": {}},
+                ),
             ]
 
         @self.call_tool()
@@ -174,6 +181,34 @@ class ServerTest(Server):
 
                 return [TextContent(type="text", text="Completed!")]
 
+            elif name == "test_sampling_tool":
+                # Test sampling by requesting the client to sample a message
+                sampling_result = await ctx.session.create_message(
+                    messages=[
+                        types.SamplingMessage(
+                            role="user",
+                            content=types.TextContent(
+                                type="text", text="Server needs client sampling"
+                            ),
+                        )
+                    ],
+                    max_tokens=100,
+                    related_request_id=ctx.request_id,
+                )
+
+                # Return the sampling result in the tool response
+                response = (
+                    sampling_result.content.text
+                    if sampling_result.content.type == "text"
+                    else None
+                )
+                return [
+                    TextContent(
+                        type="text",
+                        text=f"Response from sampling: {response}",
+                    )
+                ]
+
             return [TextContent(type="text", text=f"Called {name}")]
 
 
@@ -754,7 +789,7 @@ async def test_streamablehttp_client_tool_invocation(initialized_client_session)
     """Test client tool invocation."""
     # First list tools
     tools = await initialized_client_session.list_tools()
-    assert len(tools.tools) == 3
+    assert len(tools.tools) == 4
     assert tools.tools[0].name == "test_tool"
 
     # Call the tool
@@ -795,7 +830,7 @@ async def test_streamablehttp_client_session_persistence(
 
             # Make multiple requests to verify session persistence
             tools = await session.list_tools()
-            assert len(tools.tools) == 3
+            assert len(tools.tools) == 4
 
             # Read a resource
             resource = await session.read_resource(uri=AnyUrl("foobar://test-persist"))
@@ -826,7 +861,7 @@ async def test_streamablehttp_client_json_response(
 
             # Check tool listing
             tools = await session.list_tools()
-            assert len(tools.tools) == 3
+            assert len(tools.tools) == 4
 
             # Call a tool and verify JSON response handling
             result = await session.call_tool("test_tool", {})
@@ -905,7 +940,7 @@ async def test_streamablehttp_client_session_termination(
 
             # Make a request to confirm session is working
             tools = await session.list_tools()
-            assert len(tools.tools) == 3
+            assert len(tools.tools) == 4
 
     headers = {}
     if captured_session_id:
@@ -1054,3 +1089,71 @@ async def test_streamablehttp_client_resumption(event_server):
             assert not any(
                 n in captured_notifications_pre for n in captured_notifications
             )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+async def test_streamablehttp_server_sampling(basic_server, basic_server_url):
+    """Test server-initiated sampling request through streamable HTTP transport."""
+    print("Testing server sampling...")
+    # Variable to track if sampling callback was invoked
+    sampling_callback_invoked = False
+    captured_message_params = None
+
+    # Define sampling callback that returns a mock response
+    async def sampling_callback(
+        context: RequestContext[ClientSession, Any],
+        params: types.CreateMessageRequestParams,
+    ) -> types.CreateMessageResult:
+        nonlocal sampling_callback_invoked, captured_message_params
+        sampling_callback_invoked = True
+        captured_message_params = params
+        message_received = (
+            params.messages[0].content.text
+            if params.messages[0].content.type == "text"
+            else None
+        )
+
+        return types.CreateMessageResult(
+            role="assistant",
+            content=types.TextContent(
+                type="text",
+                text=f"Received message from server: {message_received}",
+            ),
+            model="test-model",
+            stopReason="endTurn",
+        )
+
+    # Create client with sampling callback
+    async with streamablehttp_client(f"{basic_server_url}/mcp") as (
+        read_stream,
+        write_stream,
+        _,
+    ):
+        async with ClientSession(
+            read_stream,
+            write_stream,
+            sampling_callback=sampling_callback,
+        ) as session:
+            # Initialize the session
+            result = await session.initialize()
+            assert isinstance(result, InitializeResult)
+
+            # Call the tool that triggers server-side sampling
+            tool_result = await session.call_tool("test_sampling_tool", {})
+
+            # Verify the tool result contains the expected content
+            assert len(tool_result.content) == 1
+            assert tool_result.content[0].type == "text"
+            assert (
+                "Response from sampling: Received message from server"
+                in tool_result.content[0].text
+            )
+
+            # Verify sampling callback was invoked
+            assert sampling_callback_invoked
+            assert captured_message_params is not None
+            assert len(captured_message_params.messages) == 1
+            assert (
+                captured_message_params.messages[0].content.text
+                == "Server needs client sampling"
+            )