Add _meta field to resource, content, and result classes

## Motivation and Context

MCP 2025-11-25 spec defines a `_meta` general field on many types,
but the Ruby SDK only exposed it on `Tool` and `Prompt`.
To attach metadata (e.g. MCP Apps CSP hints on resource contents),
consumers had to subclass existing classes and override `to_h`.

Add a `meta:` keyword argument and `_meta` serialization to:

- `Resource::Contents`, `Resource::TextContents`, `Resource::BlobContents`
- `Resource`, `ResourceTemplate`
- `Content::Text`, `Content::Image`, `Content::Audio`, `Content::EmbeddedResource`
- `Tool::Response` (`CallToolResult`)
- `Prompt::Result` (`GetPromptResult`)

This aligns the Ruby SDK with the Python and TypeScript SDKs, which both expose `_meta` on these types.

Resolves #308.

## How Has This Been Tested?

Added unit tests for each updated class covering two patterns: `_meta` present
(asserts the value is reflected in `to_h[:_meta]`) and `_meta` omitted
(asserts no `:_meta` key in `to_h`, i.e., `.compact` behavior).
All existing tests continue to pass, and `rake rubocop` is clean.

## Breaking Changes

None. All new `meta:` parameters are optional keyword arguments defaulting to `nil`.
The `to_h` output stays backward-compatible because `nil` values are removed by the existing `.compact` call,
so existing callers require no changes.

test/mcp/content_test.rb

@@ -28,6 +28,19 @@ module MCP
 
         refute result.key?(:annotations)
       end
+
+      test "#to_h with meta" do
+        meta = { "application/vnd.ant.mcp-app" => { "csp" => "default-src 'self'" } }
+        image = Image.new("base64data", "image/png", meta: meta)
+
+        assert_equal meta, image.to_h[:_meta]
+      end
+
+      test "#to_h without meta omits the key" do
+        image = Image.new("base64data", "image/png")
+
+        refute image.to_h.key?(:_meta)
+      end
     end
 
     class AudioTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
@@ -53,6 +66,19 @@ module MCP
 
         refute result.key?(:annotations)
       end
+
+      test "#to_h with meta" do
+        meta = { "application/vnd.ant.mcp-app" => { "csp" => "default-src 'self'" } }
+        audio = Audio.new("base64data", "audio/wav", meta: meta)
+
+        assert_equal meta, audio.to_h[:_meta]
+      end
+
+      test "#to_h without meta omits the key" do
+        audio = Audio.new("base64data", "audio/wav")
+
+        refute audio.to_h.key?(:_meta)
+      end
     end
 
     class EmbeddedResourceTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
@@ -92,6 +118,52 @@ module MCP
 
         refute result.key?(:annotations)
       end
+
+      test "#to_h with meta" do
+        resource = Object.new
+        def resource.to_h
+          { uri: "test://x" }
+        end
+
+        meta = { "application/vnd.ant.mcp-app" => { "csp" => "default-src 'self'" } }
+        embedded = EmbeddedResource.new(resource, meta: meta)
+
+        assert_equal meta, embedded.to_h[:_meta]
+      end
+
+      test "#to_h without meta omits the key" do
+        resource = Object.new
+        def resource.to_h
+          { uri: "test://x" }
+        end
+
+        embedded = EmbeddedResource.new(resource)
+
+        refute embedded.to_h.key?(:_meta)
+      end
+    end
+
+    class TextTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+      test "#to_h returns correct format per MCP spec" do
+        text = Text.new("hello")
+        result = text.to_h
+
+        assert_equal "text", result[:type]
+        assert_equal "hello", result[:text]
+      end
+
+      test "#to_h with meta" do
+        meta = { "application/vnd.ant.mcp-app" => { "csp" => "default-src 'self'" } }
+        text = Text.new("hello", meta: meta)
+
+        assert_equal meta, text.to_h[:_meta]
+      end
+
+      test "#to_h without meta omits the key" do
+        text = Text.new("hello")
+
+        refute text.to_h.key?(:_meta)
+      end
     end
   end
 end

test/mcp/prompt/result_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "test_helper"
+
+module MCP
+  class Prompt
+    class ResultTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+      test "#to_h returns description and messages" do
+        result = Prompt::Result.new(
+          description: "a prompt",
+          messages: [Prompt::Message.new(role: "user", content: Content::Text.new("hi"))],
+        )
+
+        hash = result.to_h
+
+        assert_equal "a prompt", hash[:description]
+        assert_equal 1, hash[:messages].size
+      end
+
+      test "#to_h includes _meta when present" do
+        meta = { "application/vnd.ant.mcp-app" => { "csp" => "default-src 'self'" } }
+        result = Prompt::Result.new(
+          description: "a prompt",
+          messages: [Prompt::Message.new(role: "user", content: Content::Text.new("hi"))],
+          meta: meta,
+        )
+
+        assert_equal meta, result.to_h[:_meta]
+      end
+
+      test "#to_h omits _meta when nil" do
+        result = Prompt::Result.new(
+          description: "a prompt",
+          messages: [Prompt::Message.new(role: "user", content: Content::Text.new("hi"))],
+        )
+
+        refute result.to_h.key?(:_meta)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

test/mcp/resource/contents_test.rb

@@ -70,6 +70,78 @@ module MCP
         assert_equal({ uri: "test://binary", blob: "base64data" }, result)
         refute result.key?(:mimeType)
       end
+
+      test "Contents#to_h omits _meta when nil" do
+        contents = Resource::Contents.new(uri: "test://example", mime_type: "text/plain")
+
+        refute contents.to_h.key?(:_meta)
+      end
+
+      test "Contents#to_h includes _meta when present" do
+        meta = { "application/vnd.ant.mcp-app" => { "csp" => "default-src 'self'" } }
+        contents = Resource::Contents.new(uri: "test://example", mime_type: "text/plain", meta: meta)
+
+        assert_equal meta, contents.to_h[:_meta]
+      end
+
+      test "TextContents#to_h includes _meta when present" do
+        meta = { "application/vnd.ant.mcp-app" => { "csp" => "default-src 'self'" } }
+        text_contents = Resource::TextContents.new(
+          uri: "test://text",
+          mime_type: "text/plain",
+          text: "Hello",
+          meta: meta,
+        )
+
+        result = text_contents.to_h
+
+        assert_equal meta, result[:_meta]
+        assert_equal "Hello", result[:text]
+      end
+
+      test "TextContents#to_h omits _meta when nil" do
+        text_contents = Resource::TextContents.new(
+          uri: "test://text",
+          mime_type: "text/plain",
+          text: "Hello",
+        )
+
+        refute text_contents.to_h.key?(:_meta)
+      end
+
+      test "BlobContents#to_h includes _meta when present" do
+        meta = { "application/vnd.ant.mcp-app" => { "csp" => "default-src 'self'" } }
+        blob_contents = Resource::BlobContents.new(
+          uri: "test://binary",
+          mime_type: "image/png",
+          data: "base64data",
+          meta: meta,
+        )
+
+        result = blob_contents.to_h
+
+        assert_equal meta, result[:_meta]
+        assert_equal "base64data", result[:blob]
+      end
+
+      test "BlobContents#to_h omits _meta when nil" do
+        blob_contents = Resource::BlobContents.new(
+          uri: "test://binary",
+          mime_type: "image/png",
+          data: "base64data",
+        )
+
+        refute blob_contents.to_h.key?(:_meta)
+      end
+
+      test "Contents#to_h preserves empty _meta hash" do
+        contents = Resource::Contents.new(uri: "test://example", mime_type: "text/plain", meta: {})
+
+        result = contents.to_h
+
+        assert result.key?(:_meta)
+        assert_equal({}, result[:_meta])
+      end
     end
   end
 end

test/mcp/resource_template_test.rb

@@ -36,5 +36,22 @@ module MCP
 
       assert_equal expected_icons, resource_template.to_h[:icons]
     end
+
+    test "#to_h omits _meta when nil" do
+      resource_template = ResourceTemplate.new(uri_template: "file:///{path}", name: "template_without_meta")
+
+      refute resource_template.to_h.key?(:_meta)
+    end
+
+    test "#to_h includes _meta when present" do
+      meta = { "application/vnd.ant.mcp-app" => { "csp" => "default-src 'self'" } }
+      resource_template = ResourceTemplate.new(
+        uri_template: "file:///{path}",
+        name: "template_with_meta",
+        meta: meta,
+      )
+
+      assert_equal meta, resource_template.to_h[:_meta]
+    end
   end
 end

test/mcp/resource_test.rb

@@ -36,5 +36,18 @@ module MCP
 
       assert_equal expected_icons, resource.to_h[:icons]
     end
+
+    test "#to_h omits _meta when nil" do
+      resource = Resource.new(uri: "file:///test.txt", name: "resource_without_meta")
+
+      refute resource.to_h.key?(:_meta)
+    end
+
+    test "#to_h includes _meta when present" do
+      meta = { "application/vnd.ant.mcp-app" => { "csp" => "default-src 'self'" } }
+      resource = Resource.new(uri: "file:///test.txt", name: "resource_with_meta", meta: meta)
+
+      assert_equal meta, resource.to_h[:_meta]
+    end
   end
 end

test/mcp/tool/response_test.rb

@@ -122,6 +122,20 @@ module MCP
         assert_equal structured_content, actual[:structuredContent]
         refute actual[:isError]
       end
+
+      test "#to_h includes _meta when present" do
+        meta = { "application/vnd.ant.mcp-app" => { "csp" => "default-src 'self'" } }
+        response = Response.new([{ type: "text", text: "ok" }], meta: meta)
+        actual = response.to_h
+
+        assert_equal meta, actual[:_meta]
+      end
+
+      test "#to_h omits _meta when nil" do
+        response = Response.new([{ type: "text", text: "ok" }])
+
+        refute response.to_h.key?(:_meta)
+      end
     end
   end
 end