Merge pull request #332 from koic/feature_cancellation

Support `notifications/cancelled` per MCP specification
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Koichi ITO 2026-05-03 15:56:55 +09:00 • committed by GitHub
commit 3d9437736b
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9 changed files with 1485 additions and 41 deletions

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@ -18,6 +18,11 @@ module JsonRpcHandler
DEFAULT_ALLOWED_ID_CHARACTERS = /\A[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+\z/
# Sentinel return value from a handler. When a handler returns this,
# `process_request` emits no JSON-RPC response for the request,
# matching the notification-style semantics (id is ignored).
NO_RESPONSE = Object.new.freeze
extend self
def handle(request, id_validation_pattern: DEFAULT_ALLOWED_ID_CHARACTERS, &method_finder)
@ -103,6 +108,7 @@ module JsonRpcHandler
end
result = method.call(params)
return if result.equal?(NO_RESPONSE)
success_response(id: id, result: result)
rescue MCP::Server::RequestHandlerError => e

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@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ require_relative "mcp/version"
module MCP
autoload :Annotations, "mcp/annotations"
autoload :Cancellation, "mcp/cancellation"
autoload :CancelledError, "mcp/cancelled_error"
autoload :Client, "mcp/client"
autoload :Content, "mcp/content"
autoload :Icon, "mcp/icon"

72
lib/mcp/cancellation.rb Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
# frozen_string_literal: true
require_relative "cancelled_error"
module MCP
class Cancellation
attr_reader :reason, :request_id
def initialize(request_id: nil)
@request_id = request_id
@reason = nil
@cancelled = false
@callbacks = []
@mutex = Mutex.new
end
def cancelled?
@mutex.synchronize { @cancelled }
end
def cancel(reason: nil)
callbacks = @mutex.synchronize do
return false if @cancelled
@cancelled = true
@reason = reason
@callbacks.tap { @callbacks = [] }
end
callbacks.each do |callback|
callback.call(reason)
rescue StandardError => e
MCP.configuration.exception_reporter.call(e, { error: "Cancellation callback failed" })
end
true
end
# Registers a callback invoked synchronously on the first `cancel` call.
# If already cancelled, fires immediately.
#
# Returns the block itself as a handle that can be passed to `off_cancel`
# to deregister it (e.g. when a nested request completes normally and the
# hook should not fire on a later parent cancellation).
def on_cancel(&block)
fire_now = false
@mutex.synchronize do
if @cancelled
fire_now = true
else
@callbacks << block
end
end
block.call(@reason) if fire_now
block
end
# Removes a previously-registered `on_cancel` callback. Returns `true`
# if the callback was still pending (i.e. had not yet fired), `false`
# otherwise. Safe to call with `nil`.
def off_cancel(handle)
return false unless handle
@mutex.synchronize { !@callbacks.delete(handle).nil? }
end
def raise_if_cancelled!
raise CancelledError.new(request_id: @request_id, reason: @reason) if cancelled?
end
end
end

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@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
# frozen_string_literal: true
module MCP
class CancelledError < StandardError
attr_reader :request_id, :reason
def initialize(message = "Request was cancelled", request_id: nil, reason: nil)
super(message)
@request_id = request_id
@reason = reason
end
end
end

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@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
# frozen_string_literal: true
require_relative "../json_rpc_handler"
require_relative "cancellation"
require_relative "cancelled_error"
require_relative "instrumentation"
require_relative "methods"
require_relative "logging_message_notification"
@ -384,6 +386,13 @@ module MCP
end
def handle_request(request, method, session: nil, related_request_id: nil)
# `notifications/cancelled` is dispatched directly: it is a notification (no JSON-RPC id)
# and intentionally bypasses the `@handlers` lookup, capability check, in-flight registry,
# and rescue blocks below.
if method == Methods::NOTIFICATIONS_CANCELLED
return ->(params) { handle_cancelled_notification(params, session: session) }
end
handler = @handlers[method]
unless handler
instrument_call("unsupported_method", server_context: { request: request }) do
@ -395,6 +404,12 @@ module MCP
Methods.ensure_capability!(method, capabilities)
# `initialize` MUST NOT be cancelled (MCP spec 2025-11-25, cancellation item 2),
# so do not track it in the in-flight registry.
cancellation = if related_request_id && method != Methods::INITIALIZE
session&.register_in_flight(related_request_id)
end
->(params) {
reported_exception = nil
instrument_call(
@ -406,23 +421,33 @@ module MCP
when Methods::INITIALIZE
init(params, session: session)
when Methods::RESOURCES_READ
{ contents: @handlers[Methods::RESOURCES_READ].call(params) }
{ contents: read_resource_contents(params, session: session, related_request_id: related_request_id, cancellation: cancellation) }
when Methods::RESOURCES_SUBSCRIBE, Methods::RESOURCES_UNSUBSCRIBE
@handlers[method].call(params)
dispatch_optional_context_handler(@handlers[method], params, session: session, related_request_id: related_request_id, cancellation: cancellation)
{}
when Methods::TOOLS_CALL
call_tool(params, session: session, related_request_id: related_request_id)
call_tool(params, session: session, related_request_id: related_request_id, cancellation: cancellation)
when Methods::PROMPTS_GET
get_prompt(params, session: session, related_request_id: related_request_id, cancellation: cancellation)
when Methods::COMPLETION_COMPLETE
complete(params)
complete(params, session: session, related_request_id: related_request_id, cancellation: cancellation)
when Methods::LOGGING_SET_LEVEL
configure_logging_level(params, session: session)
else
@handlers[method].call(params)
dispatch_optional_context_handler(@handlers[method], params, session: session, related_request_id: related_request_id, cancellation: cancellation)
end
client = session&.client || @client
add_instrumentation_data(client: client) if client
if cancellation&.cancelled?
add_instrumentation_data(cancelled: true, cancellation_reason: cancellation.reason)
next JsonRpcHandler::NO_RESPONSE
end
result
rescue CancelledError => e
add_instrumentation_data(cancelled: true, cancellation_reason: e.reason)
next JsonRpcHandler::NO_RESPONSE
rescue RequestHandlerError => e
report_exception(e.original_error || e, { request: request })
add_instrumentation_data(error: e.error_type)
@ -434,10 +459,23 @@ module MCP
wrapped = RequestHandlerError.new("Internal error handling #{method} request", request, original_error: e)
reported_exception = wrapped
raise wrapped
ensure
session&.unregister_in_flight(related_request_id) if related_request_id
end
}
end
def handle_cancelled_notification(params, session: nil)
return unless session
return unless params.is_a?(Hash)
request_id = params[:requestId] || params["requestId"]
return if request_id.nil?
reason = params[:reason] || params["reason"]
session.cancel_incoming(request_id: request_id, reason: reason)
end
def default_capabilities
{
tools: { listChanged: true },
@ -516,7 +554,7 @@ module MCP
{ tools: page[:items], nextCursor: page[:next_cursor] }.compact
end
def call_tool(request, session: nil, related_request_id: nil)
def call_tool(request, session: nil, related_request_id: nil, cancellation: nil)
tool_name = request[:name]
tool = tools[tool_name]
@ -548,8 +586,12 @@ module MCP
progress_token = request.dig(:_meta, :progressToken)
call_tool_with_args(tool, arguments, server_context_with_meta(request), progress_token: progress_token, session: session, related_request_id: related_request_id)
rescue RequestHandlerError
call_tool_with_args(
tool, arguments, server_context_with_meta(request), progress_token: progress_token, session: session, related_request_id: related_request_id, cancellation: cancellation
)
rescue RequestHandlerError, CancelledError
# CancelledError is intentionally not wrapped so `handle_request` can turn it into
# `JsonRpcHandler::NO_RESPONSE` per the MCP cancellation spec.
raise
rescue => e
raise RequestHandlerError.new(
@ -566,7 +608,7 @@ module MCP
{ prompts: page[:items], nextCursor: page[:next_cursor] }.compact
end
def get_prompt(request)
def get_prompt(request, session: nil, related_request_id: nil, cancellation: nil)
prompt_name = request[:name]
prompt = @prompts[prompt_name]
unless prompt
@ -579,7 +621,14 @@ module MCP
prompt_args = request[:arguments]
prompt.validate_arguments!(prompt_args)
call_prompt_template_with_args(prompt, prompt_args, server_context_with_meta(request))
server_context = build_server_context(
request: request,
session: session,
related_request_id: related_request_id,
cancellation: cancellation,
)
call_prompt_template_with_args(prompt, prompt_args, server_context)
end
def list_resources(request)
@ -600,14 +649,82 @@ module MCP
{ resourceTemplates: page[:items], nextCursor: page[:next_cursor] }.compact
end
def complete(params)
def complete(params, session: nil, related_request_id: nil, cancellation: nil)
validate_completion_params!(params)
result = @handlers[Methods::COMPLETION_COMPLETE].call(params)
result = dispatch_optional_context_handler(
@handlers[Methods::COMPLETION_COMPLETE],
params,
session: session,
related_request_id: related_request_id,
cancellation: cancellation,
)
normalize_completion_result(result)
end
# Invokes `resources/read` via the registered handler. If the handler block opts in to `server_context:`,
# pass an `MCP::ServerContext` so the handler can observe cancellation via `server_context.cancelled?` or
# `server_context.raise_if_cancelled!`.
def read_resource_contents(request, session: nil, related_request_id: nil, cancellation: nil)
dispatch_optional_context_handler(
@handlers[Methods::RESOURCES_READ],
request,
session: session,
related_request_id: related_request_id,
cancellation: cancellation,
)
end
# Opt-in `server_context:` dispatch for block-based handlers registered via `resources_read_handler`,
# `completion_handler`, `resources_subscribe_handler`, `resources_unsubscribe_handler`, or `define_custom_method`.
# Existing handlers that only accept `params` are called unchanged; handlers that declare a `server_context:`
# keyword receive an `MCP::ServerContext` wrapping the raw server context with cancellation plumbing.
def dispatch_optional_context_handler(handler, params, session: nil, related_request_id: nil, cancellation: nil)
return handler.call(params) unless handler_declares_server_context?(handler)
server_context = build_server_context(
request: params,
session: session,
related_request_id: related_request_id,
cancellation: cancellation,
)
handler.call(params, server_context: server_context)
end
# Stricter than `accepts_server_context?`: requires `server_context` to appear as a named keyword parameter
# (`:key` optional, `:keyreq` required). Positional parameters named `server_context` (`:req` / `:opt`) are NOT
# treated as opt-in - otherwise `handler.call(params, server_context: ctx)` would pass the `{server_context: ctx}`
# Hash as the handler's second positional argument, which is never what the user meant.
#
# `**kwargs`-only signatures (`:keyrest` without a named `server_context`) are also not opt-in here,
# because the dispatch site passes a positional `params`, and a `**kwargs`-only block cannot accept
# that positional argument (lambdas/methods raise `ArgumentError`; non-lambda procs silently drop `params`).
# Tool handlers intentionally allow `**kwargs` opt-in via `accepts_server_context?` because they are invoked
# via `tool.call(**args, server_context: …)` without a positional argument.
def handler_declares_server_context?(handler)
return false unless handler.respond_to?(:parameters)
handler.parameters.any? do |type, name|
name == :server_context && (type == :key || type == :keyreq)
end
end
# Builds an `MCP::ServerContext` used to give a handler access to session-scoped helpers
# (progress, cancellation, nested server-to-client requests).
def build_server_context(request:, session:, related_request_id:, cancellation:)
meta_source = request.is_a?(Hash) ? request : {}
progress_token = meta_source.dig(:_meta, :progressToken)
progress = Progress.new(notification_target: session, progress_token: progress_token, related_request_id: related_request_id)
ServerContext.new(
server_context_with_meta(meta_source),
progress: progress,
notification_target: session,
related_request_id: related_request_id,
cancellation: cancellation,
)
end
def report_exception(exception, server_context = {})
configuration.exception_reporter.call(exception, server_context)
end
@ -628,18 +745,32 @@ module MCP
).to_h
end
# Whether a tool/prompt handler opts in to receiving an `MCP::ServerContext`.
# Recognizes `:keyrest` (`**kwargs`) because tools are invoked without a positional argument
# (`tool.call(**args, server_context:)`), soa `**kwargs`-only signature safely captures `server_context:`.
# Named keyword `server_context` must be `:key` or `:keyreq` - positional parameters (`:req` / `:opt`) that
# happen to be named `server_context` are excluded because the call site passes `server_context:` as a keyword,
# and a positional slot would receive the `{server_context: ctx}` Hash instead.
def accepts_server_context?(method_object)
parameters = method_object.parameters
parameters.any? { |type, name| type == :keyrest || name == :server_context }
parameters.any? do |type, name|
type == :keyrest || (name == :server_context && (type == :key || type == :keyreq))
end
end
def call_tool_with_args(tool, arguments, context, progress_token: nil, session: nil, related_request_id: nil)
def call_tool_with_args(tool, arguments, context, progress_token: nil, session: nil, related_request_id: nil, cancellation: nil)
args = arguments&.transform_keys(&:to_sym) || {}
if accepts_server_context?(tool.method(:call))
progress = Progress.new(notification_target: session, progress_token: progress_token, related_request_id: related_request_id)
server_context = ServerContext.new(context, progress: progress, notification_target: session, related_request_id: related_request_id)
server_context = ServerContext.new(
context,
progress: progress,
notification_target: session,
related_request_id: related_request_id,
cancellation: cancellation,
)
tool.call(**args, server_context: server_context).to_h
else
tool.call(**args).to_h

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@ -54,6 +54,13 @@ module MCP
false
end
# NOTE: This signature deliberately matches the abstract `Transport#send_request` contract
# (`method, params = nil`) without the cancellation kwargs that `StreamableHTTPTransport#send_request` accepts.
# On Ruby 2.7 the project's supported minimum a method that mixes a positional `params` Hash with
# explicit keyword arguments cannot be called as `send_request(method, { ... })` - the trailing Hash would be
# auto-promoted to keyword arguments. Stdio is single-threaded and blocks on `$stdin.gets`, so nested-request
# cancellation has very limited value here regardless; servers that need cancellation propagation for nested
# server-to-client requests should use `StreamableHTTPTransport`.
def send_request(method, params = nil)
request_id = generate_request_id
request = { jsonrpc: "2.0", id: request_id, method: method }

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@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ module MCP
# sends the request via SSE stream, then blocks on `queue.pop`.
# When the client POSTs a response, `handle_response` matches it by `request_id`
# and pushes the result onto the queue, unblocking this thread.
def send_request(method, params = nil, session_id: nil, related_request_id: nil)
def send_request(method, params = nil, session_id: nil, related_request_id: nil, parent_cancellation: nil, server_session: nil)
if @stateless
raise "Stateless mode does not support server-to-client requests."
end
@ -190,6 +190,7 @@ module MCP
request_id = generate_request_id
queue = Queue.new
cancel_hook = nil
request = { jsonrpc: "2.0", id: request_id, method: method }
request[:params] = params if params
@ -229,6 +230,16 @@ module MCP
raise "No active stream for #{method} request."
end
if parent_cancellation && server_session
cancel_hook = parent_cancellation.on_cancel do |reason|
server_session.send_peer_cancellation(
nested_request_id: request_id,
related_request_id: related_request_id,
reason: reason,
)
end
end
response = queue.pop
if response.is_a?(Hash) && response.key?(:error)
@ -239,8 +250,18 @@ module MCP
raise "SSE session closed while waiting for #{method} response."
end
if response == :cancelled
reason = @mutex.synchronize { @pending_responses.dig(request_id, :cancel_reason) }
raise MCP::CancelledError.new(
"#{method} request was cancelled",
request_id: request_id,
reason: reason,
)
end
response
ensure
parent_cancellation.off_cancel(cancel_hook) if cancel_hook
if request_id
@mutex.synchronize do
@pending_responses.delete(request_id)
@ -248,6 +269,24 @@ module MCP
end
end
# Unblocks a `send_request` awaiting a response when the peer is being cancelled.
# The waiting thread will see `:cancelled` on its queue and raise `MCP::CancelledError`.
#
# Race note: this is first-writer-wins on the pending-response queue. If a real response
# has already been pushed (client responded before the cancel hook fired), that response
# wins and `:cancelled` is enqueued behind it but never read - `send_request` returns
# the real response and deletes the pending entry in its `ensure` block. Conversely,
# if `:cancelled` arrives first, any later client response is silently dropped in `handle_response`
# because the pending entry has been removed.
def cancel_pending_request(request_id, reason: nil)
@mutex.synchronize do
if (pending = @pending_responses[request_id])
pending[:cancel_reason] = reason
pending[:queue].push(:cancelled)
end
end
end
private
def start_reaper_thread
@ -309,6 +348,7 @@ module MCP
return missing_session_id_response if !@stateless && !session_id
if notification?(body)
dispatch_notification(body_string, session_id)
handle_accepted
elsif response?(body)
return session_not_found_response if !@stateless && !session_exists?(session_id)
@ -459,6 +499,22 @@ module MCP
!body[:id] && !!body[:method]
end
# Dispatches a client-originated notification (e.g. `notifications/cancelled`,
# `notifications/initialized`) through the server so it can update session state.
def dispatch_notification(body_string, session_id)
server_session = nil
if session_id && !@stateless
@mutex.synchronize do
session = @sessions[session_id]
server_session = session[:server_session] if session
end
end
dispatch_handle_json(body_string, server_session)
rescue => e
MCP.configuration.exception_reporter.call(e, { error: "Failed to dispatch notification" })
end
def response?(body)
!!body[:id] && !body[:method]
end
@ -536,6 +592,12 @@ module MCP
handle_request_with_sse_response(body_string, session_id, server_session, related_request_id: related_request_id)
else
response = dispatch_handle_json(body_string, server_session)
# `Server#handle_json` returns `nil` when cancellation has suppressed the JSON-RPC response per spec.
# Mirror the notification path and ack with 202 instead of returning a 200 with a `nil` Rack body,
# which would produce an empty body the client cannot parse as JSON.
return handle_accepted if response.nil?
[200, { "Content-Type" => "application/json" }, [response]]
end
end

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@ -2,11 +2,22 @@
module MCP
class ServerContext
def initialize(context, progress:, notification_target:, related_request_id: nil)
attr_reader :cancellation
def initialize(context, progress:, notification_target:, related_request_id: nil, cancellation: nil)
@context = context
@progress = progress
@notification_target = notification_target
@related_request_id = related_request_id
@cancellation = cancellation
end
def cancelled?
!!@cancellation&.cancelled?
end
def raise_if_cancelled!
@cancellation&.raise_if_cancelled!
end
# Reports progress for the current tool operation.

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@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
# frozen_string_literal: true
require_relative "cancellation"
require_relative "methods"
module MCP
@ -15,6 +16,48 @@ module MCP
@client = nil
@client_capabilities = nil
@logging_message_notification = nil
@in_flight = {}
@in_flight_mutex = Mutex.new
end
# Registers a `Cancellation` token for an in-flight request.
def register_in_flight(request_id)
return if request_id.nil?
cancellation = Cancellation.new(request_id: request_id)
@in_flight_mutex.synchronize { @in_flight[request_id] = cancellation }
cancellation
end
def unregister_in_flight(request_id)
return if request_id.nil?
@in_flight_mutex.synchronize { @in_flight.delete(request_id) }
end
def lookup_in_flight(request_id)
@in_flight_mutex.synchronize { @in_flight[request_id] }
end
# Flips the `Cancellation` for a matching in-flight request received from the peer.
# Silently ignores unknown IDs per MCP spec (cancellation utilities, item 5).
def cancel_incoming(request_id:, reason: nil)
cancellation = lookup_in_flight(request_id)
cancellation&.cancel(reason: reason)
end
# Sends `notifications/cancelled` to the peer for a previously-issued request.
# Also unblocks any transport-level `send_request` waiting on a response for `request_id`.
def cancel_request(request_id:, reason: nil)
params = { requestId: request_id }
params[:reason] = reason if reason
send_to_transport(Methods::NOTIFICATIONS_CANCELLED, params)
if @transport.respond_to?(:cancel_pending_request)
@transport.cancel_pending_request(request_id, reason: reason)
end
rescue => e
MCP.configuration.exception_reporter.call(e, { notification: "cancelled", request_id: request_id })
end
def handle(request)
@ -78,6 +121,23 @@ module MCP
send_to_transport_request(Methods::ELICITATION_CREATE, params, related_request_id: related_request_id)
end
# Sends `notifications/cancelled` to the peer for a nested server-to-client request
# that was started inside a now-cancelled parent request. `related_request_id`
# is the parent request id so the notification is routed to the same stream
# (e.g. the parent's POST response stream on `StreamableHTTPTransport`) rather than
# the GET SSE stream.
def send_peer_cancellation(nested_request_id:, related_request_id: nil, reason: nil)
params = { requestId: nested_request_id }
params[:reason] = reason if reason
send_to_transport(Methods::NOTIFICATIONS_CANCELLED, params, related_request_id: related_request_id)
if @transport.respond_to?(:cancel_pending_request)
@transport.cancel_pending_request(nested_request_id, reason: reason)
end
rescue => e
MCP.configuration.exception_reporter.call(e, { notification: "cancelled", request_id: nested_request_id })
end
# Sends an elicitation complete notification scoped to this session.
def notify_elicitation_complete(elicitation_id:)
send_to_transport(Methods::NOTIFICATIONS_ELICITATION_COMPLETE, { elicitationId: elicitation_id })
@ -121,32 +181,57 @@ module MCP
private
# Branches on `@session_id` because `StdioTransport` creates a `ServerSession` without
# a `session_id` (`session_id: nil`), while `StreamableHTTPTransport` always provides one.
#
# TODO: When Ruby 2.7 support is dropped, replace with a direct call:
# `@transport.send_notification(method, params, session_id: @session_id)` and
# add `**` to `Transport#send_notification` and `StdioTransport#send_notification`.
# Forwards `send_notification` to the transport with only the kwargs the transport's method signature
# actually accepts. Custom transports that implement the abstract `send_notification(method, params = nil)`
# contract continue to work unchanged; bundled transports that declare `session_id:` / `related_request_id:`
# receive the session-scoped routing information.
def send_to_transport(method, params, related_request_id: nil)
if @session_id
@transport.send_notification(method, params, session_id: @session_id, related_request_id: related_request_id)
else
@transport.send_notification(method, params)
end
kwargs = {
session_id: @session_id,
related_request_id: related_request_id,
}.compact
forward_to_transport(@transport.method(:send_notification), method, params, kwargs)
end
# Branches on `@session_id` because `StdioTransport` creates a `ServerSession` without
# a `session_id` (`session_id: nil`), while `StreamableHTTPTransport` always provides one.
#
# TODO: When Ruby 2.7 support is dropped, replace with a direct call:
# `@transport.send_request(method, params, session_id: @session_id)` and
# add `**` to `Transport#send_request` and `StdioTransport#send_request`.
# Forwards `send_request` to the transport with only the kwargs the transport's method signature
# actually accepts. Custom transports that implement the abstract `send_request(method, params = nil)`
# contract continue to work; bundled transports that declare `session_id:` / `related_request_id:` /
# `parent_cancellation:` / `server_session:` receive the nested-cancellation plumbing.
# When `related_request_id` names an in-flight request, its `Cancellation` token is looked up
# so that cancelling the parent also cancels this nested server-to-client request.
def send_to_transport_request(method, params, related_request_id: nil)
if @session_id
@transport.send_request(method, params, session_id: @session_id, related_request_id: related_request_id)
parent_cancellation = related_request_id ? lookup_in_flight(related_request_id) : nil
kwargs = {
session_id: @session_id,
related_request_id: related_request_id,
parent_cancellation: parent_cancellation,
server_session: self,
}.compact
forward_to_transport(@transport.method(:send_request), method, params, kwargs)
end
# Calls `transport_method(method, params, **supported)` where `supported` contains only the keys
# the transport's method signature accepts. This keeps bundled transports (which declare the new kwargs)
# working while preserving compatibility with custom transports that implement only the abstract
# `(method, params = nil)` contract.
def forward_to_transport(transport_method, method, params, kwargs)
parameters = transport_method.parameters
accepts_keyrest = parameters.any? { |type, _| type == :keyrest }
supported = if accepts_keyrest
kwargs
else
@transport.send_request(method, params)
allowed = parameters.filter_map { |type, name| name if type == :key || type == :keyreq }
kwargs.slice(*allowed)
end
# Always splat `**supported` even when empty: on Ruby 2.7 the bare `transport_method.call(method, params)`
# form would let the trailing `params` Hash be auto-promoted to keyword arguments when the receiver
# accepts `**kwargs`, breaking handlers that rely on `params` arriving as a positional Hash.
# The explicit splat suppresses that conversion and is a no-op when `supported` is empty.
transport_method.call(method, params, **supported)
end
end
end