diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index e412c55..3a99330 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 PATH
   remote: .
   specs:
-    model_context_protocol (0.5.1)
+    model_context_protocol (0.5.2)
       json_rpc_handler (~> 0.1)
 
 GEM
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 1a0f612..a452fde 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ It implements the Model Context Protocol specification, handling model context r
 
 ### Usage
 
+#### Rails Controller
 Implement an `ApplicationController` which calls the `Server#handle` method, eg
 
 ```ruby
@@ -76,6 +77,59 @@ module ModelContextProtocol
 end
 ```
 
+#### Stdio Transport
+
+If you want to build a simple command-line application, you can use the stdio transport:
+
+```ruby
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+require "model_context_protocol"
+require "model_context_protocol/transports/stdio"
+
+# Create a simple tool
+class ExampleTool < ModelContextProtocol::Tool
+  description "A simple example tool that echoes back its arguments"
+  input_schema type: "object",
+    properties: {
+      message: { type: "string" },
+    },
+    required: ["message"]
+
+  class << self
+    def call(message:, context:)
+      ModelContextProtocol::Tool::Response.new([{
+        type: "text",
+        text: "Hello from example tool! Message: #{message}",
+      }])
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# Set up the server
+server = ModelContextProtocol::Server.new(
+  name: "example_server",
+  tools: [ExampleTool],
+)
+
+# Create and start the transport
+transport = ModelContextProtocol::Transports::StdioTransport.new(server)
+transport.open
+```
+
+You can run this script and then type in requests to the server at the command line.
+
+```
+$ ./stdio_server.rb
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"1","result":"pong"}
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"2","result":["ExampleTool"]}
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"3","result":["ExampleTool"]}
+```
+
+
+
+
+#### Testing without a transport
+
 To see sample responses without setting up a client to hit the server, you can simply run
 
 ```ruby
diff --git a/examples/stdio_server.rb b/examples/stdio_server.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5e2934b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/stdio_server.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.expand_path("../lib", __dir__))
+require "model_context_protocol"
+require "model_context_protocol/transports/stdio"
+
+# Create a simple tool
+class ExampleTool < ModelContextProtocol::Tool
+  description "A simple example tool that echoes back its arguments"
+  input_schema type: "object",
+    properties: {
+      message: { type: "string" },
+    },
+    required: ["message"]
+
+  class << self
+    def call(message:, context:)
+      ModelContextProtocol::Tool::Response.new([{
+        type: "text",
+        text: "Hello from example tool! Message: #{message}",
+      }])
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# Set up the server
+server = ModelContextProtocol::Server.new(
+  name: "example_server",
+  tools: [ExampleTool],
+)
+
+# Create and start the transport
+transport = ModelContextProtocol::Transports::StdioTransport.new(server)
+transport.open
diff --git a/lib/model_context_protocol/server.rb b/lib/model_context_protocol/server.rb
index 4654639..4df7372 100644
--- a/lib/model_context_protocol/server.rb
+++ b/lib/model_context_protocol/server.rb
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ module ModelContextProtocol
       @tools = tools.to_h { |t| [t.name_value, t] }
       @prompts = prompts.to_h { |p| [p.name_value, p] }
       @resources = resources
-      @resource_index = resources.index_by(&:uri)
+      @resource_index = index_resources_by_uri(resources)
       @context = context
       @configuration = ModelContextProtocol.configuration.merge(configuration)
       @handlers = {
@@ -205,5 +205,11 @@ module ModelContextProtocol
     def report_exception(exception, context = {})
       configuration.exception_reporter.call(exception, context)
     end
+
+    def index_resources_by_uri(resources)
+      resources.each_with_object({}) do |resource, hash|
+        hash[resource.uri] = resource
+      end
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/model_context_protocol/transport.rb b/lib/model_context_protocol/transport.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc6aca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/model_context_protocol/transport.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ModelContextProtocol
+  class Transport
+    def initialize(server)
+      @server = server
+    end
+
+    def send_response(response)
+      raise NotImplementedError, "Subclasses must implement send_response"
+    end
+
+    def open
+      raise NotImplementedError, "Subclasses must implement open"
+    end
+
+    def close
+      raise NotImplementedError, "Subclasses must implement close"
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def handle_request(request)
+      response = @server.handle(request)
+      send_response(response) if response
+    end
+
+    def handle_json_request(request)
+      response = @server.handle_json(request)
+      send_response(response) if response
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/model_context_protocol/transports/stdio.rb b/lib/model_context_protocol/transports/stdio.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c158d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/model_context_protocol/transports/stdio.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative "../transport"
+require "json"
+
+module ModelContextProtocol
+  module Transports
+    class StdioTransport < Transport
+      def initialize(server)
+        @server = server
+        @open = false
+        super
+      end
+
+      def open
+        @open = true
+        while @open && (line = $stdin.gets)
+          handle_json_request(line.strip)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def close
+        @open = false
+      end
+
+      def send_response(message)
+        json_message = message.is_a?(String) ? message : JSON.generate(message)
+        $stdout.puts(json_message)
+        $stdout.flush
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/model_context_protocol/version.rb b/lib/model_context_protocol/version.rb
index 452becd..14744f8 100644
--- a/lib/model_context_protocol/version.rb
+++ b/lib/model_context_protocol/version.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module ModelContextProtocol
-  VERSION = "0.5.1"
+  VERSION = "0.5.2"
 end
diff --git a/test/model_context_protocol/transports/stdio_transport_test.rb b/test/model_context_protocol/transports/stdio_transport_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..498b0ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/model_context_protocol/transports/stdio_transport_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "test_helper"
+require "model_context_protocol/transports/stdio"
+require "json"
+
+module ModelContextProtocol
+  module Transports
+    class StdioTransportTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+      include InstrumentationTestHelper
+
+      setup do
+        configuration = ModelContextProtocol::Configuration.new
+        configuration.instrumentation_callback = instrumentation_helper.callback
+        @server = Server.new(name: "test_server", configuration: configuration)
+        @transport = StdioTransport.new(@server)
+      end
+
+      test "initializes with server and closed state" do
+        server = @transport.instance_variable_get(:@server)
+        assert_equal @server.object_id, server.object_id
+        refute @transport.instance_variable_get(:@open)
+      end
+
+      test "processes JSON-RPC requests from stdin and sends responses to stdout" do
+        request = {
+          jsonrpc: "2.0",
+          method: "ping",
+          id: "123",
+        }
+        input = StringIO.new(JSON.generate(request) + "\n")
+        output = StringIO.new
+
+        original_stdin = $stdin
+        original_stdout = $stdout
+
+        begin
+          $stdin = input
+          $stdout = output
+
+          thread = Thread.new { @transport.open }
+          sleep(0.1)
+          @transport.close
+          thread.join
+
+          response = JSON.parse(output.string, symbolize_names: true)
+          assert_equal("2.0", response[:jsonrpc])
+          assert_equal("123", response[:id])
+          assert_equal({}, response[:result])
+          refute(@transport.instance_variable_get(:@open))
+        ensure
+          $stdin = original_stdin
+          $stdout = original_stdout
+        end
+      end
+
+      test "sends string responses to stdout" do
+        output = StringIO.new
+        original_stdout = $stdout
+
+        begin
+          $stdout = output
+          @transport.send_response("test response")
+          assert_equal("test response\n", output.string)
+        ensure
+          $stdout = original_stdout
+        end
+      end
+
+      test "sends JSON responses to stdout" do
+        output = StringIO.new
+        original_stdout = $stdout
+
+        begin
+          $stdout = output
+          response = { key: "value" }
+          @transport.send_response(response)
+          assert_equal(JSON.generate(response) + "\n", output.string)
+        ensure
+          $stdout = original_stdout
+        end
+      end
+
+      test "handles valid JSON-RPC requests" do
+        request = {
+          jsonrpc: "2.0",
+          method: "ping",
+          id: "123",
+        }
+        output = StringIO.new
+        original_stdout = $stdout
+
+        begin
+          $stdout = output
+          @transport.send(:handle_request, JSON.generate(request))
+          response = JSON.parse(output.string, symbolize_names: true)
+          assert_equal("2.0", response[:jsonrpc])
+          assert_nil(response[:id])
+          assert_nil(response[:result])
+        ensure
+          $stdout = original_stdout
+        end
+      end
+
+      test "handles invalid JSON requests" do
+        invalid_json = "invalid json"
+        output = StringIO.new
+        original_stdout = $stdout
+
+        begin
+          $stdout = output
+          @transport.send(:handle_request, invalid_json)
+          response = JSON.parse(output.string, symbolize_names: true)
+          assert_equal("2.0", response[:jsonrpc])
+          assert_nil(response[:id])
+          assert_equal(-32600, response[:error][:code])
+          assert_equal("Invalid Request", response[:error][:message])
+          assert_equal("Request must be an array or a hash", response[:error][:data])
+        ensure
+          $stdout = original_stdout
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end