09545f1272
## Motivation and Context Third step of the stateless lifecycle (SEP-2575, modelcontextprotocol/modelcontextprotocol#2575) for the 2026-07-28 MCP spec release. `StdioTransport` now serves the legacy handshake lifecycle and the modern per-request-envelope lifecycle on one connection, with the same era-lock semantics as the TypeScript and Python SDKs: the first era-distinctive message to SUCCEED locks the connection era for its lifetime. - Each stdin frame is parsed once (`symbolize_names: true`) so era classification can inspect its method and `_meta`. Frames that are not JSON objects fall back to `ServerSession#handle_json`, keeping protocol-level error responses byte-identical. - A successful `initialize` locks `:legacy` (already a side effect of `ServerSession#mark_initialized!`). A successful `server/discover` or a successful request carrying the full modern `_meta` triple locks `:modern`. Failed era-distinctive messages (for example an unsupported envelope version) leave the connection unlocked, so a client probe can still fall back to the other era. - Era violations are rejected in-band by `Server#lift_request_envelope`, which now also covers the legacy side: a modern envelope arriving on a legacy-locked session is an invalid request (`-32600`), mirroring the existing modern-side rules (`initialize` after a modern lock is `-32022`; a missing envelope after a modern lock is `-32600`). - `StdioTransport#send_request` raises on a modern-locked session: the modern lifecycle forbids server-initiated JSON-RPC requests, which multi round-trip `input_required` results (SEP-2322) replace. The inline read loop inside `send_request` dispatches through the same era-aware path as the main loop. Refs #389. ## How Has This Been Tested? New tests in `test/mcp/server/transports/stdio_transport_test.rb` drive full stdin/stdout round trips: legacy lock via `initialize` then rejection of a modern envelope, modern lock via `server/discover` then `-32022` (with `data.supported`) for a late `initialize`, modern lock via an envelope-carrying request, no lock when the probe fails with an unsupported version (a legacy `initialize` still succeeds afterwards), the envelope requirement after a modern lock, and the `send_request` prohibition on modern sessions. `bundle exec rake` (tests, RuboCop, and conformance baseline, including the stdio conformance scenarios) passes. ## Breaking Changes None. Legacy clients send `initialize` first and take the same code path as before; the era lock only constrains message sequences that mix lifecycles on one connection, which no legacy client produces.
691 lines
23 KiB
Ruby
691 lines
23 KiB
Ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true
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require "test_helper"
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module MCP
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class Server
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module Transports
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class StdioTransportTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
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include InstrumentationTestHelper
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include InitializeParamsTestHelper
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setup do
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configuration = MCP::Configuration.new
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configuration.instrumentation_callback = instrumentation_helper.callback
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@server = Server.new(name: "test_server", configuration: configuration)
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@transport = StdioTransport.new(@server)
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end
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test "initializes with server and closed state" do
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server = @transport.instance_variable_get(:@server)
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assert_equal @server.object_id, server.object_id
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refute @transport.instance_variable_get(:@open)
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end
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test "processes JSON-RPC requests from stdin and sends responses to stdout" do
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request = {
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jsonrpc: "2.0",
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method: "ping",
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id: "123",
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}
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input = StringIO.new(JSON.generate(request) + "\n")
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output = StringIO.new
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original_stdin = $stdin
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original_stdout = $stdout
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begin
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$stdin = input
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$stdout = output
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thread = Thread.new { @transport.open }
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sleep(0.1)
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@transport.close
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thread.join
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response = JSON.parse(output.string, symbolize_names: true)
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assert_equal("2.0", response[:jsonrpc])
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assert_equal("123", response[:id])
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assert_equal({}, response[:result])
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refute(@transport.instance_variable_get(:@open))
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ensure
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$stdin = original_stdin
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$stdout = original_stdout
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end
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end
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test "sends string responses to stdout" do
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output = StringIO.new
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original_stdout = $stdout
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begin
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$stdout = output
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@transport.send_response("test response")
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assert_equal("test response\n", output.string)
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ensure
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$stdout = original_stdout
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end
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end
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test "sends JSON responses to stdout" do
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output = StringIO.new
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original_stdout = $stdout
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begin
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$stdout = output
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response = { key: "value" }
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@transport.send_response(response)
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assert_equal(JSON.generate(response) + "\n", output.string)
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ensure
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$stdout = original_stdout
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end
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end
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test "handles valid JSON-RPC requests" do
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request = {
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jsonrpc: "2.0",
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method: "ping",
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id: "123",
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}
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output = StringIO.new
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original_stdout = $stdout
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begin
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$stdout = output
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@transport.send(:handle_request, JSON.generate(request))
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response = JSON.parse(output.string, symbolize_names: true)
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assert_equal("2.0", response[:jsonrpc])
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assert_nil(response[:id])
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assert_nil(response[:result])
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ensure
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$stdout = original_stdout
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end
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end
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test "open creates a ServerSession and processes requests through it" do
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request = {
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jsonrpc: "2.0",
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method: "initialize",
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id: "1",
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params: {
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protocolVersion: "2025-11-25",
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capabilities: {},
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clientInfo: { name: "stdio-client", version: "1.0" },
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},
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}
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input = StringIO.new(JSON.generate(request) + "\n")
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output = StringIO.new
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original_stdin = $stdin
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original_stdout = $stdout
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begin
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$stdin = input
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$stdout = output
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@transport.open
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# Verify a session was created.
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session = @transport.instance_variable_get(:@session)
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assert_instance_of(ServerSession, session)
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# Verify client info was stored on the session, not on the server.
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assert_equal({ name: "stdio-client", version: "1.0" }, session.client)
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ensure
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$stdin = original_stdin
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$stdout = original_stdout
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end
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end
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test "open handles a malformed JSON-RPC batch element and emits an error response" do
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input = StringIO.new("[[]]\n")
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output = StringIO.new
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original_stdin = $stdin
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original_stdout = $stdout
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begin
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$stdin = input
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$stdout = output
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@transport.open
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response = JSON.parse(output.string, symbolize_names: true)
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assert_nil(response[:id])
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assert_equal(-32600, response[:error][:code])
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assert_equal("Invalid Request", response[:error][:message])
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ensure
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$stdin = original_stdin
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$stdout = original_stdout
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end
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end
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test "rejects duplicate initialize on the same stdio session with -32600" do
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first = {
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jsonrpc: "2.0",
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method: "initialize",
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id: "first",
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params: {
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protocolVersion: "2025-11-25",
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capabilities: {},
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clientInfo: { name: "original", version: "1.0" },
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},
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}
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second = {
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jsonrpc: "2.0",
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method: "initialize",
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id: "second",
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params: {
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protocolVersion: "2024-11-05",
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capabilities: {},
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clientInfo: { name: "intruder", version: "9.9" },
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},
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}
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input = StringIO.new("#{JSON.generate(first)}\n#{JSON.generate(second)}\n")
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output = StringIO.new
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original_stdin = $stdin
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original_stdout = $stdout
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begin
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$stdin = input
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$stdout = output
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@transport.open
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lines = output.string.lines
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assert_equal(2, lines.length)
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first_response = JSON.parse(lines[0], symbolize_names: true)
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second_response = JSON.parse(lines[1], symbolize_names: true)
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assert_equal("first", first_response[:id])
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refute_nil(first_response[:result])
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assert_equal("second", second_response[:id])
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assert_equal(-32600, second_response[:error][:code])
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assert_equal("Invalid Request", second_response[:error][:message])
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session = @transport.instance_variable_get(:@session)
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assert_equal({ name: "original", version: "1.0" }, session.client)
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ensure
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$stdin = original_stdin
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$stdout = original_stdout
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end
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end
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test "handles invalid JSON requests" do
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invalid_json = "invalid json"
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output = StringIO.new
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original_stdout = $stdout
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begin
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$stdout = output
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@transport.send(:handle_request, invalid_json)
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response = JSON.parse(output.string, symbolize_names: true)
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assert_equal("2.0", response[:jsonrpc])
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assert_nil(response[:id])
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assert_equal(-32600, response[:error][:code])
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assert_equal("Invalid Request", response[:error][:message])
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assert_equal("Request must be an array or a hash", response[:error][:data])
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ensure
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$stdout = original_stdout
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end
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end
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test "send_request sends request to stdout and waits for response" do
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reader, writer = IO.pipe
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output = StringIO.new
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original_stdin = $stdin
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original_stdout = $stdout
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begin
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$stdin = reader
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$stdout = output
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@transport.instance_variable_set(:@open, true)
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# Send response from client in a thread.
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Thread.new do
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sleep(0.05) # Wait for request to be written to `StringIO`.
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request = JSON.parse(output.string.lines.first, symbolize_names: true)
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response = {
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jsonrpc: "2.0",
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id: request[:id],
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result: { content: "test response" },
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}
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writer.puts(response.to_json)
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writer.flush
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end
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result = @transport.send_request("test/method", { param: "value" })
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assert_equal({ content: "test response" }, result)
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# Verify request was sent.
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request = JSON.parse(output.string.lines.first, symbolize_names: true)
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assert_equal("2.0", request[:jsonrpc])
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assert_equal("test/method", request[:method])
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assert_equal({ param: "value" }, request[:params])
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assert(request[:id])
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ensure
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$stdin = original_stdin
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$stdout = original_stdout
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begin
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writer.close
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rescue
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nil
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end
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begin
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reader.close
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rescue
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nil
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end
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end
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end
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test "send_request raises on error response from client" do
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reader, writer = IO.pipe
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output = StringIO.new
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original_stdin = $stdin
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original_stdout = $stdout
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begin
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$stdin = reader
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$stdout = output
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@transport.instance_variable_set(:@open, true)
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Thread.new do
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sleep(0.05) # Wait for request to be written to `StringIO`.
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request = JSON.parse(output.string.lines.first, symbolize_names: true)
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error_response = {
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jsonrpc: "2.0",
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id: request[:id],
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error: { code: -1, message: "User rejected sampling request" },
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}
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writer.puts(error_response.to_json)
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writer.flush
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end
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error = assert_raises(StandardError) do
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@transport.send_request("sampling/createMessage", { messages: [] })
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end
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assert_equal("Client returned an error for sampling/createMessage request (code: -1): User rejected sampling request", error.message)
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ensure
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$stdin = original_stdin
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$stdout = original_stdout
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begin
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writer.close
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rescue
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nil
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end
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begin
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reader.close
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rescue
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nil
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end
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end
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end
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test "send_request does not double-report intentional raises via exception_reporter" do
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reader, writer = IO.pipe
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output = StringIO.new
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original_stdin = $stdin
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original_stdout = $stdout
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reported_errors = []
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original_reporter = MCP.configuration.exception_reporter
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begin
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MCP.configuration.exception_reporter = ->(e, ctx) { reported_errors << [e, ctx] }
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$stdin = reader
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$stdout = output
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@transport.instance_variable_set(:@open, true)
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Thread.new do
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sleep(0.05) # Wait for request to be written to `StringIO`.
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request = JSON.parse(output.string.lines.first, symbolize_names: true)
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error_response = {
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jsonrpc: "2.0",
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id: request[:id],
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error: { code: -1, message: "rejected" },
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}
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writer.puts(error_response.to_json)
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writer.flush
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end
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assert_raises(StandardError) do
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@transport.send_request("sampling/createMessage", { messages: [] })
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end
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assert_empty(reported_errors)
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ensure
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MCP.configuration.exception_reporter = original_reporter
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$stdin = original_stdin
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$stdout = original_stdout
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begin
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writer.close
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rescue
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nil
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end
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begin
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reader.close
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rescue
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nil
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end
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end
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end
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test "send_request processes interleaved requests via session" do
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reader, writer = IO.pipe
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output = StringIO.new
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original_stdin = $stdin
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original_stdout = $stdout
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begin
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$stdin = reader
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$stdout = output
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@transport.instance_variable_set(:@open, true)
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# Initialize a session so @session is set.
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session = MCP::ServerSession.new(server: @server, transport: @transport)
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@transport.instance_variable_set(:@session, session)
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Thread.new do
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sleep(0.05) # Wait for request to be written to `StringIO`.
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request = JSON.parse(output.string.lines.first, symbolize_names: true)
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# Send an interleaved ping request before the response.
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ping = { jsonrpc: "2.0", method: "ping", id: "ping-1" }
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writer.puts(ping.to_json)
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writer.flush
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sleep(0.05) # Wait for the ping to be processed.
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# Then send the actual response.
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response = {
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jsonrpc: "2.0",
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id: request[:id],
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result: { content: "done" },
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}
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writer.puts(response.to_json)
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writer.flush
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end
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result = @transport.send_request("test/method", { param: "value" })
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assert_equal({ content: "done" }, result)
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# Verify the interleaved ping was handled (response sent to output).
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lines = output.string.lines
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ping_response = lines.find { |l| l.include?("ping-1") }
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assert(ping_response, "Interleaved ping request should have been handled")
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ensure
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$stdin = original_stdin
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$stdout = original_stdout
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begin
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writer.close
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rescue
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nil
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end
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begin
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reader.close
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rescue
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nil
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end
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end
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end
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test "send_request raises when transport is closed while waiting" do
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reader, writer = IO.pipe
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output = StringIO.new
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original_stdin = $stdin
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original_stdout = $stdout
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begin
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$stdin = reader
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$stdout = output
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@transport.instance_variable_set(:@open, true)
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# Close transport while waiting for response.
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Thread.new do
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sleep(0.05) # Wait for request to be written to `StringIO`.
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@transport.instance_variable_set(:@open, false)
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writer.close
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end
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error = assert_raises(RuntimeError) do
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@transport.send_request("sampling/createMessage", { messages: [] })
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end
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assert_equal("Transport closed while waiting for response to sampling/createMessage request.", error.message)
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ensure
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$stdin = original_stdin
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$stdout = original_stdout
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begin
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writer.close
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rescue IOError
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nil
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end
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begin
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reader.close
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rescue IOError
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nil
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end
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end
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end
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test "raises ArgumentError when max_line_bytes is not a positive Integer" do
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[nil, 0, -1, 1.5, "1024"].each do |invalid|
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error = assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
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StdioTransport.new(@server, max_line_bytes: invalid)
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end
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assert_equal("max_line_bytes must be a positive Integer", error.message)
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end
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end
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test "open stops and reports when a stdin frame exceeds max_line_bytes without a newline" do
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transport = StdioTransport.new(@server, max_line_bytes: 64)
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input = StringIO.new("A" * 200) # No newline: an unbounded frame.
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output = StringIO.new
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reported = []
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original_stdin = $stdin
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original_stdout = $stdout
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original_reporter = MCP.configuration.exception_reporter
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begin
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$stdin = input
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$stdout = output
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MCP.configuration.exception_reporter = ->(e, ctx) { reported << [e, ctx] }
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transport.open
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refute(transport.instance_variable_get(:@open))
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assert_equal(1, reported.size)
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error, _ctx = reported.first
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assert_instance_of(RequestHandlerError, error)
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assert_match(/exceeds 64 bytes without a newline/, error.message)
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ensure
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$stdin = original_stdin
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$stdout = original_stdout
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MCP.configuration.exception_reporter = original_reporter
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end
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end
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test "open processes a valid final frame that ends at EOF without a trailing newline" do
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request = { jsonrpc: "2.0", method: "ping", id: "eof" }
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input = StringIO.new(JSON.generate(request)) # No trailing newline.
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output = StringIO.new
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original_stdin = $stdin
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original_stdout = $stdout
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begin
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$stdin = input
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$stdout = output
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@transport.open
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response = JSON.parse(output.string, symbolize_names: true)
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assert_equal("eof", response[:id])
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assert_equal({}, response[:result])
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ensure
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$stdin = original_stdin
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$stdout = original_stdout
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end
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end
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test "send_request raises when a response frame exceeds max_line_bytes without a newline" do
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transport = StdioTransport.new(@server, max_line_bytes: 64)
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input = StringIO.new("A" * 200) # No newline: an unbounded frame.
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|
output = StringIO.new
|
|
|
|
original_stdin = $stdin
|
|
original_stdout = $stdout
|
|
|
|
begin
|
|
$stdin = input
|
|
$stdout = output
|
|
transport.instance_variable_set(:@open, true)
|
|
|
|
error = assert_raises(RequestHandlerError) do
|
|
transport.send_request("sampling/createMessage", { messages: [] })
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
assert_match(/exceeds 64 bytes without a newline/, error.message)
|
|
ensure
|
|
$stdin = original_stdin
|
|
$stdout = original_stdout
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
test "locks the legacy era on a successful initialize and rejects a later modern envelope" do
|
|
responses = run_transport_session([
|
|
initialize_request(id: 1),
|
|
modern_ping_request(id: 2),
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
refute responses[0].key?(:error)
|
|
assert_equal :legacy, session_era
|
|
assert_equal JsonRpcHandler::ErrorCode::INVALID_REQUEST, responses[1].dig(:error, :code)
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
test "initialize negotiating 2026-07-28 still locks the legacy era" do
|
|
# 2026-07-28 serves both lifecycles of the dual-era model: negotiating it through
|
|
# the legacy handshake locks `:legacy`, so a later modern envelope is still rejected.
|
|
responses = run_transport_session([
|
|
initialize_request(id: 1, protocol_version: "2026-07-28"),
|
|
modern_ping_request(id: 2),
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
assert_equal "2026-07-28", responses[0].dig(:result, :protocolVersion)
|
|
assert_equal :legacy, session_era
|
|
assert_equal JsonRpcHandler::ErrorCode::INVALID_REQUEST, responses[1].dig(:error, :code)
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
test "locks the modern era on a successful server/discover and rejects a later initialize with -32022" do
|
|
responses = run_transport_session([
|
|
{ jsonrpc: "2.0", method: "server/discover", id: 1 },
|
|
initialize_request(id: 2),
|
|
modern_ping_request(id: 3),
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
assert_equal Configuration::SUPPORTED_STABLE_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS, responses[0].dig(:result, :supportedVersions)
|
|
assert_equal :modern, session_era
|
|
assert_equal ErrorCodes::UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSION, responses[1].dig(:error, :code)
|
|
assert_equal Configuration::SUPPORTED_MODERN_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS, responses[1].dig(:error, :data, :supported)
|
|
refute responses[2].key?(:error)
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
test "locks the modern era on a successful request carrying the modern envelope" do
|
|
responses = run_transport_session([modern_ping_request(id: 1)])
|
|
|
|
refute responses[0].key?(:error)
|
|
assert_equal :modern, session_era
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
test "does not lock an era when the era-distinctive request fails" do
|
|
# An unsupported envelope version fails with -32022, so the connection stays unlocked
|
|
# and a legacy initialize can still succeed afterwards.
|
|
responses = run_transport_session([
|
|
modern_ping_request(id: 1, version: "2027-01-01"),
|
|
initialize_request(id: 2),
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
assert_equal ErrorCodes::UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSION, responses[0].dig(:error, :code)
|
|
refute responses[1].key?(:error)
|
|
assert_equal :legacy, session_era
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
test "requires the modern envelope after a modern era lock" do
|
|
responses = run_transport_session([
|
|
modern_ping_request(id: 1),
|
|
{ jsonrpc: "2.0", method: "ping", id: 2 },
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
refute responses[0].key?(:error)
|
|
assert_equal JsonRpcHandler::ErrorCode::INVALID_REQUEST, responses[1].dig(:error, :code)
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
test "#send_request raises on a modern-locked session" do
|
|
run_transport_session([modern_ping_request(id: 1)])
|
|
|
|
error = assert_raises(RuntimeError) do
|
|
@transport.send_request("roots/list")
|
|
end
|
|
assert_match(/modern lifecycle/, error.message)
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
private
|
|
|
|
def initialize_request(id:, protocol_version: "2025-11-25")
|
|
{
|
|
jsonrpc: "2.0",
|
|
method: "initialize",
|
|
id: id,
|
|
params: initialize_params(
|
|
protocolVersion: protocol_version,
|
|
clientInfo: { name: "legacy_client", version: "1.0" },
|
|
),
|
|
}
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
def modern_ping_request(id:, version: "2026-07-28")
|
|
{
|
|
jsonrpc: "2.0",
|
|
method: "ping",
|
|
id: id,
|
|
params: {
|
|
_meta: {
|
|
"io.modelcontextprotocol/protocolVersion": version,
|
|
"io.modelcontextprotocol/clientInfo": { name: "modern_client", version: "2.0" },
|
|
"io.modelcontextprotocol/clientCapabilities": {},
|
|
},
|
|
},
|
|
}
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# Feeds the frames to a fresh transport session over swapped stdio and returns the parsed responses in order.
|
|
def run_transport_session(frames)
|
|
input = StringIO.new(frames.map { |frame| JSON.generate(frame) }.join("\n") + "\n")
|
|
output = StringIO.new
|
|
|
|
original_stdin = $stdin
|
|
original_stdout = $stdout
|
|
|
|
begin
|
|
$stdin = input
|
|
$stdout = output
|
|
|
|
thread = Thread.new { @transport.open }
|
|
sleep(0.1)
|
|
@transport.close
|
|
thread.join
|
|
ensure
|
|
$stdin = original_stdin
|
|
$stdout = original_stdout
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
output.string.each_line.map { |line| JSON.parse(line, symbolize_names: true) }
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
def session_era
|
|
@transport.instance_variable_get(:@session).era
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|