Mirror of https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ruby-sdk — The official Ruby SDK for the Model Context Protocol servers and clients.
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Koichi ITO 47eb74aa7a Validate the issuer of legacy authorization server metadata
## Motivation and Context

On the legacy 2025-03-26 path, taken when a server publishes no Protected Resource Metadata,
the authorization server metadata is fetched from the MCP server's origin, which that spec names
as the authorization base URL, but its `issuer` was never compared with that origin.
RFC 8414 Section 3.3 requires the comparison, the 2025-03-26 spec makes RFC 8414 a MUST for clients,
and the TypeScript and Python SDKs both compare on this path, tolerating only a trailing slash.
The flow nevertheless used the unverified `issuer` as the authorization server's identity everywhere:
tokens were stamped with it, stored client information was matched against it, the `private_key_jwt`
and ID-JAG assertions took it as their audience, and `authorization_request_validator` was shown it.

A server on that path could therefore claim any issuer. Claiming the one that minted the stored tokens made
`refresh!` send the refresh token and the stored client secret to the server's own token endpoint, claiming
the one that issued stored client information made the flow reuse those credentials there, and a validator
allow-listing the claimed issuer approved the request.

The legacy path now applies the same check as the modern one: the document's `issuer` must be the origin,
rendered with or without a trailing slash, and any other document is refused before registration, redirect,
or token request. A server without a metadata document still gets the spec's default endpoints.

## How Has This Been Tested?

New tests in `test/mcp/client/oauth/flow_test.rb` serve legacy metadata at the MCP server origin that claims
`https://auth.example.com` and check that the flow, a refresh of tokens issued by that server,
and a flow holding client information bound to it are all refused before any request, with the validator never asked
and the credentials never presented. Metadata naming the origin, with or without a trailing slash and with
endpoints under a path prefix, completes the flow, including the RFC 9207 `iss` check. The former test
of a path-prefix issuer now expects the refusal. The refusal tests fail against the previous library.

## Breaking Changes

A server without Protected Resource Metadata whose authorization server metadata names an issuer other than
its origin is refused instead of used. The TypeScript and Python SDKs already refuse such a server,
and the 2025-03-26 spec places the metadata at the origin.
2026-09-17 13:37:54 +09:00
.github Group the conformance Rake tasks under a conformance namespace 2026-08-30 02:24:52 +09:00
bin Add API documentation with GitHub Pages deployment 2025-11-21 12:21:38 -06:00
conformance Group the conformance Rake tasks under a conformance namespace 2026-08-30 02:24:52 +09:00
docs Validate the issuer of legacy authorization server metadata 2026-09-17 13:37:54 +09:00
examples Update examples for the 2026-07-28 era 2026-08-28 12:03:52 +09:00
lib Validate the issuer of legacy authorization server metadata 2026-09-17 13:37:54 +09:00
test Validate the issuer of legacy authorization server metadata 2026-09-17 13:37:54 +09:00
.gitattributes Internal Release v0.1.1 2025-05-08 17:37:27 -04:00
.gitignore Add a rake docs:preview task serving the docs site locally 2026-08-25 12:36:54 +09:00
.rubocop.yml Suppress RuboCop extension suggestions (#484) 2026-08-07 18:46:46 -04:00
AGENTS.md Group the conformance Rake tasks under a conformance namespace 2026-08-30 02:24:52 +09:00
CHANGELOG.md Release 1.5.1 2026-09-09 10:43:15 +09:00
CLAUDE.md Add CLAUDE.md referencing AGENTS.md 2026-04-01 01:03:43 +09:00
CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md Internal Release v0.1.1 2025-05-08 17:37:27 -04:00
dev.yml fix dev style (#208) 2026-01-06 01:00:31 -05:00
Gemfile Drop the json pin for Ruby 2.7.0 through 2.7.2 from the Gemfile 2026-09-10 11:55:31 +09:00
LICENSE chore: update licensing to Apache 2.0 for new contributions 2026-01-12 22:49:19 +00:00
mcp.gemspec Speed Up Tool::Schema Validation by 5x to 100x 2026-06-01 21:47:30 +09:00
Rakefile Group the conformance Rake tasks under a conformance namespace 2026-08-30 02:24:52 +09:00
README.md [Doc] Align the Docs Page Names With the MCP Specification 2026-08-22 18:07:38 +09:00
RELEASE.md [Docs] Extract release documentation to RELEASE.md 2025-11-04 11:13:39 +09:00
ROADMAP.md [Doc] Align the ROADMAP deprecation wording with the shipped behavior 2026-08-23 01:15:20 +09:00
SECURITY.md Add SECURITY.md with GitHub Security Advisories guidance (#232) 2026-02-18 20:49:17 -05:00
VERSIONING.md Add VERSIONING.md documenting the versioning and breaking-change policy 2026-07-21 11:33:20 +09:00

MCP Ruby SDK Gem Version Apache 2.0 licensed CI

The official Ruby SDK for Model Context Protocol servers and clients.

Detailed guides are available at https://ruby.sdk.modelcontextprotocol.io.

Features

  • Build MCP servers that expose tools, prompts, and resources to any MCP host
  • Build MCP clients that connect to any MCP server, with automatic lifecycle negotiation and OAuth 2.1 authorization
  • Speak every standard transport: stdio and Streamable HTTP (including SSE), with a Rails integration
  • Cover the full protocol surface: server-to-client requests, multi round-trip requests, notifications, progress, logging, cancellation, completions, and pagination

Installation

Add this line to your application's Gemfile:

gem "mcp"

And then execute:

$ bundle install

Or install it yourself as:

$ gem install mcp

You may need to add additional dependencies depending on which features you wish to access.

Quick Start

The following minimal programs show both sides of the protocol: a server that exposes a single tool, and a client that spawns such a server and drives it over stdio.

MCP Server

A minimal server defines a tool and serves it over the stdio transport:

require "mcp"

# Create a simple tool
class ExampleTool < MCP::Tool
  description "A simple example tool that echoes back its arguments"
  input_schema(
    properties: {
      message: { type: "string" },
    },
    required: ["message"]
  )

  class << self
    def call(message:, server_context:)
      MCP::Tool::Response.new([{
        type: "text",
        text: "Hello from example tool! Message: #{message}",
      }])
    end
  end
end

# Set up the server
server = MCP::Server.new(
  name: "example_server",
  tools: [ExampleTool],
)

# Create and start the transport
transport = MCP::Server::Transports::StdioTransport.new(server)
transport.open

Save the script as server.rb, run it, and send JSON-RPC requests via stdin:

$ ruby server.rb
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"1","method":"ping"}
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"2","method":"tools/list"}
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"3","method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"example_tool","arguments":{"message":"Hello"}}}

The same server can also run over Streamable HTTP, including mounted inside a Rails application; see Server Transports.

MCP Client

A minimal client spawns a stdio server as a subprocess, connects, and lists and calls its tools:

stdio_transport = MCP::Client::Stdio.new(
  command: "bundle",
  args: ["exec", "ruby", "path/to/server.rb"],
  env: { "API_KEY" => "my_secret_key" },
  read_timeout: 30
)
client = MCP::Client.new(transport: stdio_transport)

# Perform the MCP initialization handshake before sending any requests.
client.connect

# List available tools.
tools = client.tools
tools.each do |tool|
  puts "Tool: #{tool.name} - #{tool.description}"
end

# Call a specific tool.
response = client.call_tool(
  tool: tools.first,
  arguments: { message: "Hello, world!" }
)

# Close the transport when done.
stdio_transport.close

The same client can connect to Streamable HTTP servers with MCP::Client::HTTP; see Client Transports.

Examples

Runnable examples are available in examples/, including a complete Rails application in examples/rails.

Documentation

License

This project is licensed under the Apache License 2.0 for new contributions, with existing code under MIT. See the LICENSE file for details.