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ruby-sdk/test/mcp/client/oauth/flow_test.rb
Koichi ITO 2289db84f8 Support OAuth client_credentials grant in OAuth client 
## Motivation and Context

The MCP authorization specification and SEP-1046 allow confidential clients to
obtain tokens through the OAuth 2.1 `client_credentials` grant: a machine-to-machine flow
with no user, no browser redirect, and no authorization code. The Ruby SDK
previously supported only the interactive authorization-code flow, so it could not
authenticate against a server that requires `client_credentials`. This makes
the `auth/client-credentials-basic` conformance scenario pass and is removed from
the expected failures list.

Following the TypeScript SDK (`ClientCredentialsProvider`) and the Python SDK
(`ClientCredentialsOAuthProvider`), the grant gets its own provider class rather than
overloading the authorization-code provider. The change adds:

- `MCP::Client::OAuth::ClientCredentialsProvider`, a dedicated provider
  for the grant. `client_id` and `client_secret` are mandatory
  (the grant is for confidential clients), `token_endpoint_auth_method` is
  `client_secret_basic` (default) or `client_secret_post` -- `none` is
  rejected because an unauthenticated `client_credentials` request is
  meaningless. It has no redirect arguments, so a credentials-only
  client never supplies the redirect URI / handlers that grant has no use for.
- `MCP::Client::OAuth::StorageBackedProvider`, an internal module that
  shares the token / client-information persistence between the two provider classes
  so `Flow` can treat any provider uniformly.
- `Provider#authorization_flow` (`:authorization_code`) and
  `ClientCredentialsProvider#authorization_flow` (`:client_credentials`).
  `Flow#run!` dispatches on this rather than inspecting
  `client_metadata[:grant_types]`, which is protocol metadata for
  the authorization server, not an SDK control signal.
- `run_client_credentials!` shares the same PRM / AS metadata discovery
  and Communication Security checks as the interactive flow, then
  exchanges `grant_type=client_credentials` at the token endpoint via
  the existing `post_to_token_endpoint` (which already applies
  `client_secret_basic`). There is no PKCE, redirect, or `offline_access`
  augmentation, because the grant does not issue a refresh token
  (OAuth 2.1 Section 4.3.3).
- `conformance/client.rb` builds a `ClientCredentialsProvider` for
  the `auth/client-credentials-*` scenarios, reusing the harness-injected
  `client_id` / `client_secret`.

## How Has This Been Tested?

New `ClientCredentialsProvider` tests cover: credentials are stored as
client information; `authorization_flow` is `:client_credentials`;
`client_secret_post` is accepted; missing `client_id` / `client_secret`
and `token_endpoint_auth_method: "none"` are rejected; and the token helpers
delegate to storage.

New `Flow` tests cover: a `client_credentials` provider exchanges
`grant_type=client_credentials` with HTTP Basic auth, saves the token,
and never contacts the authorization or registration endpoint;
the requested scope is taken from PRM `scopes_supported`; and a standard
`Provider` runs the authorization-code grant regardless of what its
`client_metadata[:grant_types]` lists. A `Provider` test asserts
`authorization_flow` is `:authorization_code`.

Conformance: `auth/client-credentials-basic` now passes 7/7 with no failures.

## Breaking Changes

None. `ClientCredentialsProvider` is a new class; the existing `Provider` keeps
its required `redirect_uri` / `redirect_handler` / `callback_handler` arguments
and its behaviour is unchanged. Existing interactive clients are unaffected.
2026-06-13 00:12:19 +09:00

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# frozen_string_literal: true
require "test_helper"
require "base64"
require "json"
require "webmock/minitest"
require "faraday"
require "mcp/client/oauth"
module MCP
class Client
module OAuth
class FlowTest < Minitest::Test
def setup
WebMock.enable!
@server_url = "https://srv.example.com/mcp"
@prm_url = "https://srv.example.com/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource/mcp"
@auth_base = "https://auth.example.com"
@as_metadata_url = "#{@auth_base}/.well-known/oauth-authorization-server"
stub_request(:get, @prm_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
resource: "https://srv.example.com/mcp",
authorization_servers: [@auth_base],
),
)
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
),
)
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register").to_return(
status: 201,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(client_id: "test-client", client_name: "ruby-sdk-test"),
)
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token").to_return do |req|
form = URI.decode_www_form(req.body).to_h
{
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
access_token: "test-token-from-flow",
token_type: "Bearer",
expires_in: 3600,
grant_type_received: form["grant_type"],
code_verifier_received: form["code_verifier"],
),
}
end
end
def teardown
WebMock.reset!
end
def client_credentials_provider(token_endpoint_auth_method: "client_secret_basic")
ClientCredentialsProvider.new(
client_id: "cc-client",
client_secret: "cc-secret",
token_endpoint_auth_method: token_endpoint_auth_method,
)
end
# Runs the full authorization flow and returns the `scope` query parameter
# sent on the authorization request. The caller stubs the AS metadata;
# this helper supplies a provider whose `grant_types` and optional pre-set
# `scope` drive the SEP-2207 offline_access decision.
def capture_authorization_scope(grant_types:, provider_scope: nil)
captured_scope = nil
state_holder = {}
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: grant_types,
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
query = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h
captured_scope = query["scope"]
state_holder[:state] = query.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_holder[:state]] },
scope: provider_scope,
)
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
captured_scope
end
def test_run_uses_client_credentials_grant_for_client_credentials_provider
provider = client_credentials_provider
result = Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
assert_equal(:authorized, result)
assert_equal("test-token-from-flow", provider.access_token)
# No authorization-code machinery: /authorize is never contacted
# (no stub exists for it, so a request would raise), and DCR is not
# run because credentials are pre-registered.
assert_not_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register")
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token") do |req|
form = URI.decode_www_form(req.body).to_h
expected_basic = "Basic " + Base64.strict_encode64("cc-client:cc-secret")
form["grant_type"] == "client_credentials" &&
!form.key?("code") &&
!form.key?("code_verifier") &&
req.headers["Authorization"] == expected_basic
end
end
def test_run_client_credentials_with_client_secret_post_sends_credentials_in_body
# `client_secret_post` puts the credentials in the form body rather
# than an HTTP Basic header (RFC 6749 Section 2.3.1).
provider = client_credentials_provider(token_endpoint_auth_method: "client_secret_post")
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token") do |req|
form = URI.decode_www_form(req.body).to_h
form["grant_type"] == "client_credentials" &&
form["client_id"] == "cc-client" &&
form["client_secret"] == "cc-secret" &&
req.headers["Authorization"].nil?
end
end
def test_run_client_credentials_raises_clean_error_when_client_information_missing
# The constructor always stores credentials, but if a custom storage loses them
# the grant must fail with a domain error rather than a `NoMethodError` from
# the authorization-code registration helper.
provider = client_credentials_provider
provider.storage.save_client_information(nil)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/client_credentials grant/, error.message)
assert_not_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token")
end
def test_run_client_credentials_requests_scope_from_prm_scopes_supported
stub_request(:get, @prm_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
resource: "https://srv.example.com/mcp",
authorization_servers: [@auth_base],
scopes_supported: ["mcp:read", "mcp:write"],
),
)
provider = client_credentials_provider
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token") do |req|
URI.decode_www_form(req.body).to_h["scope"] == "mcp:read mcp:write"
end
end
def test_run_uses_authorization_code_grant_for_default_provider
# A standard `Provider` declares `authorization_flow == :authorization_code`,
# so `Flow` runs the interactive grant regardless of what `client_metadata[:grant_types]` happens to list.
state_holder = {}
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code", "client_credentials"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
state_holder[:state] = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_holder[:state]] },
)
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token") do |req|
URI.decode_www_form(req.body).to_h["grant_type"] == "authorization_code"
end
end
def test_run_completes_full_authorization_flow
captured_authorization_url = nil
state_value = nil
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
client_name: "ruby-sdk-test",
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
captured_authorization_url = url
state_value = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_value] },
)
flow = Flow.new(provider: provider)
result = flow.run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
assert_equal(:authorized, result)
assert_equal("test-token-from-flow", provider.access_token)
query = URI.decode_www_form(captured_authorization_url.query).to_h
assert_equal("code", query["response_type"])
assert_equal("test-client", query["client_id"])
assert_equal("S256", query["code_challenge_method"])
assert_equal("http://localhost:0/callback", query["redirect_uri"])
assert_equal("https://srv.example.com/mcp", query["resource"])
assert_requested(:get, @prm_url)
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register")
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token") do |req|
form = URI.decode_www_form(req.body).to_h
form["grant_type"] == "authorization_code" &&
form["code"] == "test-auth-code" &&
!form["code_verifier"].to_s.empty? &&
form["resource"] == "https://srv.example.com/mcp"
end
end
def test_run_requests_offline_access_when_advertised_and_refresh_token_grant_declared
# SEP-2207: a client that declares the `refresh_token` grant type requests `offline_access`
# when the AS advertises it, so it can obtain a refresh token.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code", "refresh_token"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
scopes_supported: ["mcp:basic", "offline_access"],
),
)
captured = capture_authorization_scope(grant_types: ["authorization_code", "refresh_token"])
assert_includes(captured.split, "offline_access")
end
def test_run_does_not_request_offline_access_when_refresh_token_grant_not_declared
# The AS advertises offline_access, but the client did not opt into refresh tokens,
# so the scope is not requested.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
scopes_supported: ["mcp:basic", "offline_access"],
),
)
captured = capture_authorization_scope(grant_types: ["authorization_code"])
refute_includes(captured.to_s.split, "offline_access")
end
def test_run_does_not_request_offline_access_when_server_does_not_advertise_it
# SEP-2207 forbids requesting offline_access when the AS does not list it,
# even if the client declared the refresh_token grant type.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code", "refresh_token"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
scopes_supported: ["mcp:basic", "mcp:read"],
),
)
captured = capture_authorization_scope(grant_types: ["authorization_code", "refresh_token"])
refute_includes(captured.to_s.split, "offline_access")
end
def test_run_strips_offline_access_from_provider_scope_when_server_does_not_advertise_it
# SDK policy: even when `offline_access` reaches the resolved scope from a provider-supplied scope
# (or a challenge / PRM scope), do not propagate it to the AS when the AS does not advertise the scope.
# SEP-2207 itself only says clients should not request unsupported scopes; this strip is the SDK's
# defensive layer against misbehaving resource servers and misconfigured PRMs that surface `offline_access`
# even though the AS has not opted in.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code", "refresh_token"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
scopes_supported: ["mcp:basic"],
),
)
captured = capture_authorization_scope(
grant_types: ["authorization_code", "refresh_token"],
provider_scope: "mcp:basic offline_access",
)
refute_includes(captured.to_s.split, "offline_access")
assert_includes(captured.to_s.split, "mcp:basic")
end
def test_run_strips_sole_offline_access_scope_when_server_does_not_advertise_it
# When stripping leaves an empty scope, no `scope` parameter is sent.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code", "refresh_token"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
scopes_supported: ["mcp:basic"],
),
)
captured = capture_authorization_scope(
grant_types: ["authorization_code", "refresh_token"],
provider_scope: "offline_access",
)
assert_nil(captured)
end
def test_run_does_not_duplicate_offline_access_already_in_scope
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code", "refresh_token"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
scopes_supported: ["mcp:basic", "offline_access"],
),
)
captured = capture_authorization_scope(
grant_types: ["authorization_code", "refresh_token"],
provider_scope: "mcp:basic offline_access",
)
assert_equal(1, captured.split.count("offline_access"))
end
def test_run_raises_on_state_mismatch
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "wrong-state"] },
)
assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
end
def test_run_raises_when_pkce_unsupported
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["plain"],
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/S256/, error.message)
end
def test_run_raises_when_authorization_endpoint_is_missing
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
# NB: no `authorization_endpoint`.
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/authorization_endpoint/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_raises_when_authorization_endpoint_is_malformed_uri
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "ht!tp:bad uri",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/authorization_endpoint/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_raises_when_prm_resource_is_malformed_uri
stub_request(:get, @prm_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
resource: "ht!tp:bad uri",
authorization_servers: [@auth_base],
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/PRM `resource`|not a valid URI/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_raises_when_prm_is_not_a_json_object
# Valid JSON but the wrong shape: indexing into a top-level array
# would otherwise raise `TypeError` and leak out of the SDK.
stub_request(:get, @prm_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: "[]",
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/not a JSON object/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_raises_when_prm_authorization_servers_is_not_an_array
# `authorization_servers` MUST be an Array per RFC 9728. A misbehaving
# PRM that returns a String would otherwise reach `.first` and raise
# raw `NoMethodError` out of the SDK.
stub_request(:get, @prm_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
resource: "https://srv.example.com/mcp",
authorization_servers: "https://auth.example.com",
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/authorization_servers/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_raises_when_token_response_is_not_a_json_object
# The token endpoint MUST return a JSON object per RFC 6749 §5.1.
# A non-object body would otherwise be persisted into the provider
# and raise raw exceptions the next time `provider.access_token`
# is read.
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token").to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: "[]",
)
state_holder = {}
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
state_holder[:state] = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_holder[:state]] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/Token endpoint response is not a JSON object/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_treats_whitespace_only_stored_client_id_as_unregistered
# `" "` (whitespace only) is just as meaningless as `""`.
# The check on stored client_information must trigger DCR rather than
# passing the blank value through to the token endpoint.
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register").to_return(
status: 201,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(client_id: "registered-after-whitespace"),
)
state_holder = {}
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
state_holder[:state] = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_holder[:state]] },
)
provider.save_client_information("client_id" => " ")
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register")
assert_equal("registered-after-whitespace", provider.client_information.fetch("client_id"))
end
def test_run_raises_when_as_metadata_is_not_a_json_object
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: "null",
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/not a JSON object/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_raises_when_dcr_response_has_blank_client_id
# A blank `client_id` is just as invalid as a missing one: peer SDKs
# (TS / Python) require a non-empty string, and treating `""` as
# truthy would let a misbehaving AS register a "client" the SDK can
# never authenticate as.
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register").to_return(
status: 201,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(client_id: "", client_name: "blank-id"),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/client_id/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_treats_blank_stored_client_id_as_unregistered
# Pre-stored `client_information` with a blank `client_id` must
# trigger DCR rather than skipping registration; otherwise
# the token endpoint receives `client_id=""` which the AS will reject.
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register").to_return(
status: 201,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(client_id: "registered-after-blank"),
)
state_holder = {}
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
state_holder[:state] = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_holder[:state]] },
)
provider.save_client_information("client_id" => "")
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register")
assert_equal("registered-after-blank", provider.client_information.fetch("client_id"))
end
def test_run_raises_when_dcr_response_lacks_client_id
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register").to_return(
status: 201,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(client_name: "test-but-no-id"),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/client_id/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_skips_dcr_when_client_information_already_stored
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register").to_raise(StandardError.new("DCR should not be called."))
state_holder = {}
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
state_holder[:state] = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_holder[:state]] },
)
provider.save_client_information("client_id" => "preregistered-client")
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
assert_equal("test-token-from-flow", provider.access_token)
assert_not_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register")
end
def test_run_accepts_symbol_keys_in_preregistered_client_information
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register").to_raise(StandardError.new("DCR should not be called."))
state_holder = {}
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
state_holder[:state] = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_holder[:state]] },
)
provider.save_client_information(client_id: "preregistered-symbol")
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
assert_equal("test-token-from-flow", provider.access_token)
assert_not_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register")
end
def test_run_skips_dcr_when_as_supports_cimd_and_provider_has_cimd_url
# When the AS advertises Client ID Metadata Document support and the provider was configured with a CIMD URL,
# the SDK uses the URL as the OAuth `client_id` and does not call /register.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
client_id_metadata_document_supported: true,
),
)
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register").to_raise(StandardError.new("DCR should not be called."))
captured_authorization_url = nil
state_holder = {}
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
captured_authorization_url = url
state_holder[:state] = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_holder[:state]] },
client_id_metadata_document_url: "https://app.example.com/client-metadata.json",
)
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
assert_not_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register")
query = URI.decode_www_form(captured_authorization_url.query).to_h
assert_equal("https://app.example.com/client-metadata.json", query["client_id"])
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token") do |req|
URI.decode_www_form(req.body).to_h["client_id"] == "https://app.example.com/client-metadata.json"
end
# The CIMD URL is NOT persisted to storage: AS metadata is re-read on every flow,
# so a later AS that no longer advertises CIMD will not be sent a stale CIMD `client_id`.
assert_nil(provider.client_information)
end
def test_run_falls_back_to_dcr_when_provider_has_cimd_url_but_as_does_not_advertise_support
# The provider may carry a CIMD URL across multiple servers; if a particular AS does not advertise CIMD support,
# the SDK must still register via DCR rather than send an unsupported `client_id`.
state_holder = {}
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
state_holder[:state] = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_holder[:state]] },
client_id_metadata_document_url: "https://app.example.com/client-metadata.json",
)
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register")
assert_equal("test-client", provider.client_information["client_id"])
end
def test_run_does_not_enter_cimd_branch_when_support_advertised_as_string_false
# A misconfigured AS that ships `"client_id_metadata_document_supported": "false"`
# is truthy in Ruby. The SDK must NOT route through CIMD on truthy non-boolean values;
# only a JSON `boolean true` opts in.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
client_id_metadata_document_supported: "false",
),
)
state_holder = {}
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
state_holder[:state] = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_holder[:state]] },
client_id_metadata_document_url: "https://app.example.com/client-metadata.json",
)
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register")
assert_equal("test-client", provider.client_information["client_id"])
end
def test_run_does_not_enter_cimd_branch_when_support_advertised_as_string_true
# Mirror of the previous test for the other truthy non-boolean value:
# `"true"` is also a string, not the JSON boolean the spec requires.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
client_id_metadata_document_supported: "true",
),
)
state_holder = {}
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
state_holder[:state] = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_holder[:state]] },
client_id_metadata_document_url: "https://app.example.com/client-metadata.json",
)
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register")
end
def test_run_does_not_persist_cimd_client_id_so_later_flow_recovers_when_as_drops_support
# Regression for the storage side-effect: if the SDK persisted the CIMD URL on the first flow,
# a second flow against an AS that no longer advertises CIMD support would still send the URL as
# the `client_id` and skip DCR. Re-running with the same provider must honour the updated AS metadata.
shared_storage = InMemoryStorage.new
state_holder = {}
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
state_holder[:state] = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_holder[:state]] },
storage: shared_storage,
client_id_metadata_document_url: "https://app.example.com/client-metadata.json",
)
# First flow: AS supports CIMD, so DCR is skipped.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
client_id_metadata_document_supported: true,
),
)
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register").to_return(
status: 201,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(client_id: "test-client"),
)
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
assert_nil(shared_storage.client_information, "CIMD client_id must not be persisted")
# Second flow: AS no longer advertises CIMD. The SDK must register via DCR rather than reuse a stale CIMD URL.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
),
)
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register")
assert_equal("test-client", shared_storage.client_information["client_id"])
end
def test_run_skips_cimd_when_pre_registered_client_information_exists
# Pre-registered `client_information` wins over CIMD: the user explicitly chose a DCR-style identity,
# so neither DCR nor the CIMD URL should overwrite it.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
client_id_metadata_document_supported: true,
),
)
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register").to_raise(StandardError.new("DCR should not be called."))
captured_authorization_url = nil
state_holder = {}
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
captured_authorization_url = url
state_holder[:state] = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_holder[:state]] },
client_id_metadata_document_url: "https://app.example.com/client-metadata.json",
)
provider.save_client_information("client_id" => "preregistered-client")
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
query = URI.decode_www_form(captured_authorization_url.query).to_h
assert_equal("preregistered-client", query["client_id"])
end
def test_run_uses_basic_auth_when_token_endpoint_auth_method_is_client_secret_basic
state_holder = {}
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "client_secret_basic",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
state_holder[:state] = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_holder[:state]] },
)
provider.save_client_information(
"client_id" => "pre-registered-client",
"client_secret" => "pre-registered-secret",
"token_endpoint_auth_method" => "client_secret_basic",
)
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
expected = "Basic " + Base64.strict_encode64("pre-registered-client:pre-registered-secret")
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token") do |req|
req.headers["Authorization"] == expected &&
!URI.decode_www_form(req.body).to_h.key?("client_secret")
end
end
def test_run_form_urlencodes_basic_auth_credentials_with_special_characters
state_holder = {}
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "client_secret_basic",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
state_holder[:state] = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_holder[:state]] },
)
# Per RFC 6749 Section 2.3.1, credentials must be `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
# before being joined with ":" and base64-encoded. A `:` in the secret would
# otherwise be ambiguous with the username/password separator.
provider.save_client_information(
"client_id" => "client:with colon",
"client_secret" => "secret:with:colons and spaces",
"token_endpoint_auth_method" => "client_secret_basic",
)
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
encoded_id = URI.encode_www_form_component("client:with colon")
encoded_secret = URI.encode_www_form_component("secret:with:colons and spaces")
expected = "Basic " + Base64.strict_encode64("#{encoded_id}:#{encoded_secret}")
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token") do |req|
req.headers["Authorization"] == expected
end
end
def test_run_rejects_non_https_resource_metadata_url
# `WWW-Authenticate` may carry a `resource_metadata=` URL we have never
# seen before; if it isn't HTTPS-or-loopback, an attacker could lure us
# into fetching a doctored PRM document over plain HTTP.
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(
server_url: @server_url,
resource_metadata_url: "http://attacker.example.com/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource",
)
end
assert_match(/resource_metadata|HTTPS|Communication Security/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_rejects_when_as_metadata_issuer_does_not_match
# RFC 8414 Section 3.3: the AS metadata's `issuer` value MUST equal
# the discovery URL. A metadata document advertising a different issuer
# than the one PRM pointed at is treated as a confused-deputy attempt.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: "https://other-auth.example.com",
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/issuer/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_rejects_when_as_metadata_issuer_differs_by_trailing_slash
# RFC 8414 Section 3.3 requires the issuer to be identical, not "equivalent
# after normalization". `https://auth.example.com` and
# `https://auth.example.com/` are different strings and MUST NOT match.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: "#{@auth_base}/",
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/issuer/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_rejects_when_as_metadata_issuer_differs_by_case
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base.upcase,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/issuer/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_rejects_when_as_metadata_lacks_issuer
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/issuer/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_rejects_non_https_authorization_server
# Communication Security: an `http://` authorization server URL (other
# than loopback) MUST be refused. Returning a non-HTTPS auth server
# from a hijacked PRM would let the attacker steer the client at
# an endpoint they control to harvest tokens.
stub_request(:get, @prm_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
resource: "https://srv.example.com/mcp",
authorization_servers: ["http://auth.example.com"],
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/HTTPS|Communication Security/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_rejects_non_https_token_endpoint
# Even when PRM and AS metadata discovery happen over HTTPS, the AS
# metadata document itself can advertise an `http://` token endpoint.
# That endpoint is where the bearer token lands, so it MUST be rejected.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "http://insecure.example.com/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/HTTPS|Communication Security|token_endpoint/i, error.message)
end
def test_refresh_swaps_refresh_token_for_new_access_token
# Refresh should NOT hit /register (no DCR) and SHOULD post
# grant_type=refresh_token with the saved refresh_token.
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register").to_raise(StandardError.new("DCR should not be called."))
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token")
.with(body: hash_including("grant_type" => "refresh_token", "refresh_token" => "saved-rt"))
.to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(access_token: "fresh-at", token_type: "Bearer", expires_in: 3600),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: { redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"] },
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { [nil, nil] },
)
provider.save_client_information("client_id" => "test-client")
provider.save_tokens("access_token" => "stale-at", "refresh_token" => "saved-rt")
result = Flow.new(provider: provider).refresh!(
server_url: @server_url,
resource_metadata_url: @prm_url,
)
assert_equal(:refreshed, result)
assert_equal("fresh-at", provider.access_token)
# New response did not include a refresh_token, so the old one is preserved (RFC 6749 Section 6).
assert_equal("saved-rt", provider.tokens["refresh_token"])
end
def test_refresh_uses_cimd_url_as_client_id_when_provider_has_cimd_and_as_supports_it
# Regression: the CIMD branch in `ensure_client_registered` does not persist `client_information`,
# so a refresh call that requires stored client info would always fail after a CIMD-only flow.
# `refresh!` must reconstruct the CIMD `client_id` from live AS metadata + the provider URL on every call.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code", "refresh_token"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
client_id_metadata_document_supported: true,
),
)
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/register").to_raise(StandardError.new("DCR should not be called."))
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token").with(
body: hash_including(
"grant_type" => "refresh_token",
"refresh_token" => "saved-rt",
"client_id" => "https://app.example.com/client-metadata.json",
),
).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(access_token: "fresh-at", token_type: "Bearer", expires_in: 3600),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: { redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"] },
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { [nil, nil] },
client_id_metadata_document_url: "https://app.example.com/client-metadata.json",
)
provider.save_tokens("access_token" => "stale-at", "refresh_token" => "saved-rt")
result = Flow.new(provider: provider).refresh!(
server_url: @server_url,
resource_metadata_url: @prm_url,
)
assert_equal(:refreshed, result)
assert_equal("fresh-at", provider.access_token)
assert_nil(provider.client_information, "refresh must not persist a CIMD client_information entry")
end
def test_refresh_raises_when_provider_has_cimd_url_but_as_no_longer_advertises_support
# If the AS later drops CIMD support and the provider has neither a stored `client_information` nor
# an alternative identity, refresh has no way to authenticate. Fail loudly rather than send a CIMD
# `client_id` the AS no longer recognises.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code", "refresh_token"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: { redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"] },
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { [nil, nil] },
client_id_metadata_document_url: "https://app.example.com/client-metadata.json",
)
provider.save_tokens("access_token" => "stale-at", "refresh_token" => "saved-rt")
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).refresh!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/client_id_metadata_document_supported/, error.message)
assert_not_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token")
end
def test_refresh_prefers_stored_client_information_over_cimd_url
# Even when both are available, an explicitly stored `client_information` wins.
# CIMD MUST NOT silently override it.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code", "refresh_token"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
client_id_metadata_document_supported: true,
),
)
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token").with(
body: hash_including(
"grant_type" => "refresh_token",
"client_id" => "preregistered-client",
),
).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(access_token: "fresh-at", token_type: "Bearer", expires_in: 3600),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: { redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"] },
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { [nil, nil] },
client_id_metadata_document_url: "https://app.example.com/client-metadata.json",
)
provider.save_client_information("client_id" => "preregistered-client")
provider.save_tokens("access_token" => "stale-at", "refresh_token" => "saved-rt")
Flow.new(provider: provider).refresh!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
assert_equal("fresh-at", provider.access_token)
end
def test_refresh_raises_when_cimd_support_advertised_as_string_true
# Mirror of the `run!` strict-boolean tests on the refresh path: a truthy non-boolean value
# such as the string `"true"` must NOT be treated as CIMD support. With no stored `client_information`
# and no genuine CIMD support, refresh has no identity to authenticate with.
stub_request(:get, @as_metadata_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
issuer: @auth_base,
authorization_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/authorize",
token_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/token",
registration_endpoint: "#{@auth_base}/register",
response_types_supported: ["code"],
grant_types_supported: ["authorization_code", "refresh_token"],
code_challenge_methods_supported: ["S256"],
token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported: ["none"],
client_id_metadata_document_supported: "true",
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: { redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"] },
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { [nil, nil] },
client_id_metadata_document_url: "https://app.example.com/client-metadata.json",
)
provider.save_tokens("access_token" => "stale-at", "refresh_token" => "saved-rt")
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).refresh!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/client_id_metadata_document_supported/, error.message)
assert_not_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token")
end
def test_refresh_raises_when_no_refresh_token
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: { redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"] },
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { [nil, nil] },
)
provider.save_client_information("client_id" => "test-client")
provider.save_tokens("access_token" => "only-at")
assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).refresh!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
end
def test_refresh_raises_when_token_endpoint_rejects_refresh
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token").to_return(status: 401, body: "")
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: { redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"] },
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { [nil, nil] },
)
provider.save_client_information("client_id" => "test-client")
provider.save_tokens("access_token" => "stale-at", "refresh_token" => "revoked-rt")
assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).refresh!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
end
def test_refresh_raises_invalid_grant_error_when_token_endpoint_says_invalid_grant
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token").to_return(
status: 400,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(error: "invalid_grant", error_description: "refresh token expired"),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: { redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"] },
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { [nil, nil] },
)
provider.save_client_information("client_id" => "test-client")
provider.save_tokens("access_token" => "stale-at", "refresh_token" => "revoked-rt")
assert_raises(Flow::InvalidGrantError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).refresh!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
end
def test_refresh_raises_generic_authorization_error_on_5xx
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token").to_return(status: 503, body: "")
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: { redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"] },
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { [nil, nil] },
)
provider.save_client_information("client_id" => "test-client")
provider.save_tokens("access_token" => "stale-at", "refresh_token" => "live-rt")
err = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).refresh!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
refute_kind_of(
Flow::InvalidGrantError,
err,
"5xx must not be classified as invalid_grant; transient failures must preserve the refresh token",
)
end
def test_resolve_scope_prefers_prm_scopes_supported_over_provider_scope
stub_request(:get, @prm_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
resource: "https://srv.example.com/mcp",
authorization_servers: [@auth_base],
scopes_supported: ["mcp:read", "mcp:write"],
),
)
captured = nil
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: { redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"] },
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
scope: "provider-supplied-scope",
redirect_handler: ->(url) { captured = url },
callback_handler: -> {
[
"code-1",
URI.decode_www_form(captured.query).to_h["state"],
]
},
)
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(
server_url: @server_url,
resource_metadata_url: @prm_url,
scope: nil,
)
authorized_params = URI.decode_www_form(captured.query).to_h
assert_equal(
"mcp:read mcp:write",
authorized_params["scope"],
"PRM scopes_supported must win over provider.scope when challenge scope is absent",
)
end
def test_resolve_scope_falls_back_to_provider_scope_when_prm_omits_scopes_supported
captured = nil
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: { redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"] },
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
scope: "provider-fallback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) { captured = url },
callback_handler: -> {
[
"code-1",
URI.decode_www_form(captured.query).to_h["state"],
]
},
)
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(
server_url: @server_url,
resource_metadata_url: @prm_url,
scope: nil,
)
authorized_params = URI.decode_www_form(captured.query).to_h
assert_equal(
"provider-fallback",
authorized_params["scope"],
"provider.scope is the last-resort fallback when neither challenge nor PRM supplies one",
)
end
def test_token_endpoint_defaults_to_client_secret_basic_for_confidential_clients
captured_authorization = nil
captured_form = nil
stub_request(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token").to_return do |req|
captured_authorization = req.headers["Authorization"]
captured_form = URI.decode_www_form(req.body).to_h
{
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(access_token: "tok", token_type: "Bearer"),
}
end
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: { redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"] },
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { [nil, nil] },
)
# Confidential pre-registered client without `token_endpoint_auth_method`.
provider.save_client_information(
"client_id" => "preregistered",
"client_secret" => "s3cret",
)
provider.save_tokens("access_token" => "stale", "refresh_token" => "live-rt")
Flow.new(provider: provider).refresh!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
expected = Base64.strict_encode64("preregistered:s3cret")
assert_equal(
"Basic #{expected}",
captured_authorization,
"default to client_secret_basic per RFC 6749 §2.3.1 and TS/Python SDK convention",
)
refute(
captured_form.key?("client_secret"),
"client_secret must not be duplicated in the form when sent via Basic auth",
)
end
def test_run_blocks_percent_encoded_dot_segment_bypass_in_server_url
# Same audience-binding bypass as the literal `..` case, but using
# the percent-encoded form `%2e%2e`. RFC 3986 Section 6.2.2.2 normalization must
# decode `%2e`/`%2E` before resolving dot-segments.
stub_request(:get, "https://srv.example.com/api/%2e%2e/evil/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource")
.to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
resource: "https://srv.example.com/api",
authorization_servers: [@auth_base],
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(
server_url: "https://srv.example.com/api/%2e%2e/evil",
resource_metadata_url: "https://srv.example.com/api/%2e%2e/evil/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource",
)
end
assert_match(/resource/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_blocks_dot_segment_bypass_in_server_url
# An attacker-supplied server URL like "/api/../evil" must not be
# treated as covered by a PRM whose resource is the more privileged
# "/api". Canonicalization resolves the dot-segments so the bypass
# is detected.
stub_request(:get, "https://srv.example.com/api/../evil/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource")
.to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
resource: "https://srv.example.com/api",
authorization_servers: [@auth_base],
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(
server_url: "https://srv.example.com/api/../evil",
resource_metadata_url: "https://srv.example.com/api/../evil/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource",
)
end
assert_match(/resource/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_strips_userinfo_from_resource_parameter_when_server_url_carries_credentials
# `Discovery.canonicalize_url` drops `user:pass@`, so the RFC 8707
# `resource` parameter sent on both the authorization request and
# the token exchange must contain only the origin + path: shipping
# the raw URL would hand the user's credentials to the authorization
# server.
stub_request(:get, @prm_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(authorization_servers: [@auth_base]),
)
captured_url = nil
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) { captured_url = url },
callback_handler: -> {
[
"test-auth-code",
URI.decode_www_form(captured_url.query).to_h.fetch("state"),
]
},
)
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(
server_url: "https://hunter2:t0psecret@srv.example.com/mcp",
resource_metadata_url: @prm_url,
)
query = URI.decode_www_form(captured_url.query).to_h
assert_equal("https://srv.example.com/mcp", query["resource"])
refute_includes(query["resource"], "hunter2")
refute_includes(query["resource"], "t0psecret")
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token") do |req|
form = URI.decode_www_form(req.body).to_h
form["resource"] == "https://srv.example.com/mcp"
end
end
def test_run_resource_mismatch_error_does_not_leak_userinfo
# When PRM advertises a `resource` that does not cover the MCP server
# URL, the mismatch error message MUST cite the canonicalized URLs so
# that `user:pass@` cannot reach logs, stack traces, or exception
# reporters.
stub_request(:get, @prm_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
resource: "https://hunter2:t0psecret@evil.example.com/mcp",
authorization_servers: [@auth_base],
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { [nil, nil] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(
server_url: "https://hunter2:t0psecret@srv.example.com/mcp",
resource_metadata_url: @prm_url,
)
end
refute_includes(error.message, "hunter2")
refute_includes(error.message, "t0psecret")
end
def test_run_blocks_cross_tenant_query_bypass
# A hijacked PRM that advertises a different tenant's `resource`
# MUST cause an audience-binding failure rather than allowing
# the client to mint a token bound to the attacker's tenant for
# the victim's MCP server.
stub_request(:get, @prm_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
resource: "https://srv.example.com/mcp?tenant=evil",
authorization_servers: [@auth_base],
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { [nil, nil] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(
server_url: "https://srv.example.com/mcp?tenant=victim",
resource_metadata_url: @prm_url,
)
end
assert_match(/resource/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_raises_on_resource_mismatch
stub_request(:get, @prm_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(
resource: "https://evil.example.com/mcp",
authorization_servers: [@auth_base],
),
)
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(_url) {},
callback_handler: -> { ["code", "state"] },
)
error = assert_raises(Flow::AuthorizationError) do
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
end
assert_match(/resource/i, error.message)
end
def test_run_sends_server_url_as_resource_when_prm_omits_it
stub_request(:get, @prm_url).to_return(
status: 200,
headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
body: JSON.generate(authorization_servers: [@auth_base]),
)
state_holder = {}
provider = Provider.new(
client_metadata: {
redirect_uris: ["http://localhost:0/callback"],
grant_types: ["authorization_code"],
response_types: ["code"],
token_endpoint_auth_method: "none",
},
redirect_uri: "http://localhost:0/callback",
redirect_handler: ->(url) {
state_holder[:url] = url
state_holder[:state] = URI.decode_www_form(url.query).to_h.fetch("state")
},
callback_handler: -> { ["test-auth-code", state_holder[:state]] },
)
Flow.new(provider: provider).run!(server_url: @server_url, resource_metadata_url: @prm_url)
query = URI.decode_www_form(state_holder[:url].query).to_h
assert_equal("https://srv.example.com/mcp", query["resource"])
assert_requested(:post, "#{@auth_base}/token") do |req|
URI.decode_www_form(req.body).to_h["resource"] == "https://srv.example.com/mcp"
end
end
end
end
end
end
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